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Decoding Flat-Al13 Structural Evolution in the Sol-Gel Process toward Aluminum Hydroxide Formation.

Yufei Sun1, Minjuan Zhao1, Qi Zhao1

  • 1National Engineering Research Center for Colloidal Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250100, China.

Inorganic Chemistry
|January 20, 2026
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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

A novel aluminum cluster, flat-Al13, directs the sol-gel transition, enabling low-temperature crystallization of aluminum hydroxide. This discovery offers an energy-efficient pathway for creating advanced aluminum-based materials.

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Chemistry
  • Nanotechnology

Background:

  • The sol-gel transition in aluminum systems is complex, involving intricate species transformations and aggregation.
  • Understanding these molecular mechanisms is crucial for controlling material properties.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To elucidate the role of specific aluminum clusters in the sol-gel transition.
  • To investigate the influence of these clusters on low-temperature crystallization.
  • To establish a framework for designing hierarchical aluminum-based materials.

Main Methods:

  • pH-driven isomerization to form flat-Al13 clusters from ε-Al13.
  • Comprehensive spectral characterizations to analyze transformations.
  • Observation of oriented aggregation and gel formation.
  • Analysis of crystallization behavior and energy pathways.

Main Results:

  • Identified flat-Al13 as a key intermediate formed from ε-Al13.
  • Revealed a two-stage transformation: ε-Al13 to flat-Al13, followed by aggregation.
  • Demonstrated that flat-Al13-enriched gels exhibit enhanced crystallinity.
  • Showed that these gels form layered aluminum hydroxide at lower temperatures than conventional systems.
  • Established that flat-Al13 templating facilitates topological condensation, bypassing high nucleation energy barriers.

Conclusions:

  • The flat-Al13 cluster plays a critical structure-directing role in the sol-gel transition and low-temperature crystallization.
  • This mechanism provides an energy-efficient pathway for forming layered aluminum hydroxide.
  • Findings offer a mechanistic framework for designing hierarchically structured aluminum-based materials via controlled sol-gel dynamics.