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The Relationship between Social Vulnerability Index, Area Deprivation Index, and Child Opportunity Index, and

Ryan D Bigej1, Devlynne S Ondusko2, Ali Oran3

  • 1Department of Psychiatry, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, United States.

American Journal of Perinatology
|January 20, 2026
PubMed

Insights

Social vulnerability index (SVI) did not significantly impact infant outcomes for congenital anomalies. Further research is needed to explore healthcare inequities in these high-risk surgical patient populations.

Area of Science:

  • Medical research
  • Public health
  • Socioeconomic impact on health

Background:

  • The Social Vulnerability Index (SVI) is a tool used to assess community risk based on location.
  • Understanding how SVI influences health outcomes in vulnerable populations is crucial for targeted interventions.
  • Congenital anomalies requiring surgical treatment represent a high-risk group where social factors may play a significant role.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the impact of the Social Vulnerability Index (SVI) on pregnancy and infant outcomes.
  • To investigate the association between SVI quartiles and infant morbidity and mortality in surgically treated congenital anomalies.
  • To explore secondary outcomes including prenatal care access and maternal comorbidities in relation to SVI.

Main Methods:

  • Retrospective study of 295 pregnant patient and infant dyads with surgically treatable congenital anomalies (2014-2022).
  • Dyads were categorized into SVI quartiles (low, low-medium, medium-high, high).
  • Bivariate analyses and odds ratios were used to compare outcomes across SVI quartiles, controlling for other indices like Area Deprivation Index.

Main Results:

  • No significant association was found between SVI quartile and infant morbidity or mortality.
  • The highest SVI quartile showed a nonsignificant trend towards increased odds of poor infant outcomes (OR: 1.57, 95% CI: 0.32-6.4).
  • Fetal MRI was the only prenatal service associated with SVI quartile, but without a clear directional trend.

Conclusions:

  • Social Vulnerability Index quartile was not significantly associated with infant outcomes in surgically treated congenital anomalies.
  • Healthcare inequities related to social vulnerability in congenital surgical pathologies warrant further investigation.
  • Future research should examine the long-term impact of SVI on perinatal and postnatal outcomes in high-risk populations.
Abstract

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