Naringin promotes hair regeneration via wnt/β-catenin pathway: A dose-dependent study in C57BL/6J mice

Alopecia, especially androgenetic alopecia (AGA), is a common condition affecting many individuals globally, impacting both men and women. Current treatments, such as minoxidil and finasteride, have limitations regarding efficacy and side effects. Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) offers alternative treatments, with naringin-a flavonoid found in Citrus species-emerging as a potential candidate due to its influence on the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway, a key regulator of hair follicle growth.

This study assessed the effects of naringin on hair regeneration in C57BL/6J mice through a dose-dependent approach. Mice were divided into five groups (1 %, 2 %, 4 % naringin, saline, and 5 % minoxidil). Hair regrowth was evaluated via macroscopic and histological examinations, immunohistochemistry, and molecular biology assays. Expression levels of key proteins in the Wnt/β-catenin pathway were measured, and molecular docking was performed to investigate interactions between naringin and β-catenin.

The 4 % naringin group exhibited superior hair growth, with significantly higher hair follicle density and greater cell proliferation compared to other groups, including the 5 % minoxidil group. Molecular analysis confirmed enhanced expression of Wnt10b, β-catenin, and VEGF-A, along with a reduction in Wnt5a. Molecular docking revealed stable binding between naringin and β-catenin, suggesting a specific interaction that may mediate its effects.

Naringin promotes hair regeneration through activation of the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway, with the 4 % concentration showing the best results. This natural compound, particularly at 4 % concentration, demonstrates hair growth-promoting efficacy comparable to 5 % minoxidil by activating the Wnt/β-catenin pathway, offering a promising alternative for alopecia treatment.