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A Novel Concept and 3D Coupler for Robotic Correction of Spinal Deformities: In Vitro Experimental Testing
Hazem B Elsebaie1, Behrooz A Akbarnia2, Robert K Eastlack2,3
1San Diego Spine Foundation, San Diego, CA, USA hazembelsebaie@yahoo.com.
International Journal of Spine Surgery
|January 20, 2026
Summary
This study introduces a novel 3D coupler for spinal surgery, enabling precise, machine-driven correction of vertebral deviations. The device offers improved accuracy and predictability in spinal deformity correction, addressing limitations of current rigid rod techniques.
Area of Science:
- Biomedical Engineering
- Orthopedic Surgery
- Robotics in Medicine
Background:
- Current spinal deformity correction relies on rigid rods, limiting 3D manipulation and leading to imprecise outcomes.
- Forceful manual techniques increase risks of implant failure and complications.
- A need exists for digitized, precise control over vertebral alignment.
Purpose of the Study:
- To introduce and evaluate a novel machine-operated device for digitized segmental 6 degrees of freedom (6 DOF) correction of spinal deformities.
- To assess the precision and functionality of a 3D coupler for individual vertebral manipulation.
Main Methods:
- Manufactured a 3D coupler with self-locking uniaxial joints.
- Tested device precision by comparing targeted versus delivered motions.
- Validated functionality using 3D-printed vertebral models derived from CT scans.
Main Results:
- The 3D coupler accurately and repeatedly achieved targeted motions in all tested movements.
- The device demonstrated the ability to mobilize vertebral models in 4 out of 6 degrees of freedom (DOF).
Conclusions:
- The novel 3D coupler provides machine-driven, precise, and predictable multiplanar motion for spinal correction.
- This device offers digital precision and true 6 DOF correction, supporting robotic surgical execution for spinal deformities.
Keywords:
3D couplerautomationdigitizationrobotic surgerysegmental three-dimensional correctionspinal deformityMore Related Videos
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