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Precision insect control using programmable modular phage therapy platforms.

Yichen Ding1, Yunhua Zhang1, Yaofeng Zhou2

  • 1Research Center for Industries of the Future, School of Engineering, Westlake University, Hangzhou 310030, China; Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Intelligent Low-Carbon Biosynthesis, Westlake Center of Synthetic Biology and Integrated Bioengineering, Westlake University, Hangzhou 310030, China.

Trends in Biotechnology
|January 20, 2026
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Phage therapy combined with insecticides in a nano-formulation effectively controls fall armyworm (FAW) by targeting resistance-mediating symbionts. This sustainable approach overcomes insecticide resistance and reduces environmental impact.

Keywords:
Spodoptera frugiperdanano-insecticidepest controlphage therapysymbionts

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Area of Science:

  • Agricultural Entomology
  • Microbial Pest Control
  • Nanotechnology in Agriculture

Background:

  • The fall armyworm (Spodoptera frugiperda) rapidly develops resistance to insecticides like chlorantraniliprole (CAP), often mediated by symbiotic microorganisms.
  • This resistance poses a significant threat to crop yields and global food security, necessitating novel control strategies.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop an innovative pest control method using phage therapy to target symbionts responsible for insecticide resistance in fall armyworm.
  • To create a stable and effective nano-insecticide by co-encapsulating phages and insecticides using zein for controlled release.

Main Methods:

  • Development of a zein-based nano-insecticide encapsulating bacteriophages and chlorantraniliprole (CAP).
  • Evaluation of the nano-insecticide's stability under thermal and UV stress.
  • Assessment of the controlled release mechanism triggered by pest gut enzymes.
  • Field trials to determine efficacy against fall armyworm and impact on non-target soil microbial communities.

Main Results:

  • The nano-insecticide demonstrated enhanced phage stability, with an 83-fold increase in UV survival and protection up to 60°C.
  • Controlled release of phages and CAP was achieved via pest gut enzymes, leading to a 17% improvement in fall armyworm control and overcoming existing resistance.
  • Pesticide residue was reduced by 82.4%, with minimal adverse effects on soil and maize microbial communities, supporting healthy seedling growth.

Conclusions:

  • Co-encapsulation of phages and insecticides in a zein-based nano-formulation provides a stable, targeted, and eco-friendly solution for managing insecticide-resistant fall armyworm.
  • This phage therapy-based nano-insecticide represents a sustainable advancement in integrated pest management, mitigating economic losses and environmental contamination.