Gender-based salary differences among academic surgeons from 2014 to 2024
Related Experiment Video
Updated: Jan 22, 2026
Principles of Rodent Surgery for the New Surgeon
Published on: January 6, 2011
Angela Renne1, Francis Deng2, Jenny X Chen1
1Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
Background:
Gender-based salary differences persist in surgery. This study evaluated pay differences among U.S. academic surgeons over time across ranks.
Methods:
A retrospective analysis of AAMC Faculty Salary Survey data (2014-2024) was conducted across 14 surgical specialties. Salaries were compared by gender and rank. Primary outcomes included salary differences and female-to-male pay ratios; secondary outcomes included trends and variability.
Results:
At the assistant professor level, women earned 73% of male salaries (mean difference: $122,690); at associate professor, 71% ($158,048); and at professor, 74% ($152,550). Differences were largest in orthopedic and neurosurgery. Salary variability was consistently higher among males. Over the study period, modest gains were seen in pay equity at the assistant (annual improvement in pay ratio, β = 0.16%, P = .01) and associate (β = 0.41%, P = .01) professor levels but not among full professors (β = -0.01%, P = .89).
Conclusion:
Gender pay differences are narrowing but remain pervasive in academic surgery, particularly at senior ranks.
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