Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

The Mitotic Spindle02:27

The Mitotic Spindle

7.8K
The mitotic spindle—or spindle apparatus—is a eukaryotic, cytoskeletal structure made up of long protein fibers called microtubules. Formed during cell division, the spindle separates sister chromatids and moves them to opposite ends of a parental cell, where the now individual chromosomes are distributed to two daughter cell nuclei.
The bipolar configuration of the mitotic spindle facilitates chromosomal segregation, preparing the cell for division. One mechanism that ensures...
7.8K
Spindle Assembly02:50

Spindle Assembly

4.2K
Spindle assembly occurs through three, often coexisting, pathways – the centrosome-mediated pathway, the chromatin-mediated pathway, and the microtubule-mediated pathway – collectively contributing to form a robust spindle apparatus.
In most cells, centrosomes are the primary microtubule nucleation centers. In the centrosome-mediated pathway, the G2-prophase transition triggers centrosome maturation and increased microtubule nucleation. Progressive nucleation results in a...
4.2K
The Spindle Assembly Checkpoint02:19

The Spindle Assembly Checkpoint

3.7K
The spindle assembly checkpoint is a molecular surveillance mechanism ensuring the fidelity of chromosome segregation during anaphase. The checkpoint monitors the completion of all the prerequisite steps before chromosome segregation to determine whether the segregation process should proceed or be delayed.
Many proteins function together to control the spindle assembly checkpoint. Mutations affecting these proteins may allow cells to proceed into anaphase prematurely, resulting in the...
3.7K
Insufficient Sleep and Sleep Deprivation01:13

Insufficient Sleep and Sleep Deprivation

850
Insufficient sleep refers to not getting the recommended amount of sleep for optimal functioning, even if it's just slightly less than needed. Sleep insufficiency may occur due to lifestyle choices, such as staying up late for social events or work, resulting in routinely getting less sleep than required. For example, consistently sleeping 6 hours when the body needs 7-9 hours can lead to cumulative effects on health and well-being.
Sleep deprivation is a more severe form of sleep loss...
850
Oscillations In An LC Circuit01:30

Oscillations In An LC Circuit

3.0K
An idealized LC circuit of zero resistance can oscillate without any source of emf by shifting the energy stored in the circuit between the electric and magnetic fields. In such an LC circuit, if the capacitor contains a charge q before the switch is closed, then all the energy of the circuit is initially stored in the electric field of the capacitor. This energy is given by
3.0K
Forced Oscillations01:06

Forced Oscillations

7.7K
When an oscillator is forced with a periodic driving force, the motion may seem chaotic. The motions of such oscillators are known as transients. After the transients die out, the oscillator reaches a steady state, where the motion is periodic, and the displacement is determined.
7.7K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Sleep Oscillations Across Cortical, Subcortical and Cerebellar Structures in Magnetoencephalography.

The European journal of neuroscience·2026
Same author

Nightly variations in sleep quality and next-day cognitive performance: an in-home study in healthy older adults.

Frontiers in aging neuroscience·2026
Same author

The effectiveness of auditory stimulation in sleep varies with thalamocortical spindle phase.

NeuroImage·2025
Same author

Exploring Deep Magnetoencephalography via Thalamo-Cortical Sleep Spindles.

Human brain mapping·2025
Same author

Neurophysiological effects of targeting sleep spindles with closed-loop auditory stimulation.

Sleep advances : a journal of the Sleep Research Society·2025
Same author

Sleep State Influences Early Sound Encoding at Cortical But Not Subcortical Levels.

The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience·2025

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 22, 2026

Measuring Neural Mechanisms Underlying Sleep-Dependent Memory Consolidation During Naps in Early Childhood
08:20

Measuring Neural Mechanisms Underlying Sleep-Dependent Memory Consolidation During Naps in Early Childhood

Published on: October 2, 2019

12.5K

Modulating sleep: slow oscillation and spindle stimulation effects on physiology and memory.

Hugo R Jourde1, Katerina Z Sita1, Zseyvfin Eyqvelle1

  • 1Concordia University, Montreal, QC, Canada.

NPJ Science of Learning
|January 20, 2026
PubMed
Summary

This study explored how stimulating slow oscillations (SO) and sleep spindles (SP) during sleep affects memory. While neurophysiology was modulated, memory consolidation effects were complex and varied across different memory types.

More Related Videos

Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation tDCS for Memory Enhancement
10:37

Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation tDCS for Memory Enhancement

Published on: September 18, 2021

15.6K
Eye Tracking, Cortisol, and a Sleep vs. Wake Consolidation Delay: Combining Methods to Uncover an Interactive Effect of Sleep and Cortisol on Memory
08:08

Eye Tracking, Cortisol, and a Sleep vs. Wake Consolidation Delay: Combining Methods to Uncover an Interactive Effect of Sleep and Cortisol on Memory

Published on: June 18, 2014

27.5K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jan 22, 2026

Measuring Neural Mechanisms Underlying Sleep-Dependent Memory Consolidation During Naps in Early Childhood
08:20

Measuring Neural Mechanisms Underlying Sleep-Dependent Memory Consolidation During Naps in Early Childhood

Published on: October 2, 2019

12.5K
Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation tDCS for Memory Enhancement
10:37

Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation tDCS for Memory Enhancement

Published on: September 18, 2021

15.6K
Eye Tracking, Cortisol, and a Sleep vs. Wake Consolidation Delay: Combining Methods to Uncover an Interactive Effect of Sleep and Cortisol on Memory
08:08

Eye Tracking, Cortisol, and a Sleep vs. Wake Consolidation Delay: Combining Methods to Uncover an Interactive Effect of Sleep and Cortisol on Memory

Published on: June 18, 2014

27.5K

Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Sleep Science
  • Cognitive Psychology

Background:

  • Sleep, particularly non-rapid eye movement sleep, is crucial for memory consolidation.
  • Slow oscillations (SO) and sleep spindles (SP) are key electrophysiological markers during sleep linked to memory.
  • Targeting individual sleep spindles for real-time stimulation and memory impact assessment presents technical challenges.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the effects of real-time slow oscillation (SO) and sleep spindle (SP) stimulation on neurophysiology and memory consolidation.
  • To compare the impact of immediate versus delayed (450 ms post-spindle) SP stimulation.
  • To assess effects on declarative, procedural, and complex memory consolidation.

Main Methods:

  • Healthy young adults (N=102) underwent learning tasks (declarative, procedural, complex piano).
  • Participants were randomized into five groups: wake control, undisturbed sleep, SO stimulation, immediate SP stimulation, or delayed SP stimulation.
  • Neurophysiological changes and behavioural performance were measured.

Main Results:

  • Sleep neurophysiology was successfully modulated by the stimulation protocols.
  • Declarative memory showed a general decline across conditions.
  • Motor sequence learning improved, while complex piano task performance varied, with modest links between evoked spindle activity and some outcomes.

Conclusions:

  • While sleep neurophysiology can be modulated by targeted stimulation, the impact on memory consolidation is complex and task-dependent.
  • Evoked SO strength did not show a clear relationship with performance changes.
  • Further research is needed to understand the nuanced relationship between specific sleep oscillations and different memory systems.