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Multi-band circularly polarized patch antenna with CPW feed based on sunflower geometry and Gielis superformula for
Kanika Joshi1, Gaurav Kumar Soni2, Dinesh Yadav3
1Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Parmanand Sharma Smriti Mahavidyalaya, Jodhpur, India.
Scientific Reports
|January 20, 2026
Summary
This study presents a novel multi-frequency, broadband, circularly polarized patch antenna inspired by Gielis
Area of Science:
- Electromagnetics and Wave Propagation
- Antenna Theory and Design
- Wireless Communication Systems
Background:
- Modern wireless systems require multi-band antennas for diverse applications like Wi-Fi, WiMAX, and 5G NR.
- Multi-band antennas reduce system size and cost, crucial for integrated devices.
- Existing antenna designs often face limitations in bandwidth and polarization for multi-standard support.
Purpose of the Study:
- To design and validate a novel multi-frequency broadband circularly polarized patch antenna.
- To leverage Gielis' superformula and a sunflower-inspired structure for enhanced antenna performance.
- To achieve efficient operation across L-band, S-band, and C-band for versatile wireless applications.
Main Methods:
- Utilized Gielis' superformula to create a sunflower-inspired multi-ringed patch antenna structure.
- Employed a Coplanar Waveguide (CPW) feed for broadband impedance matching.
- Integrated slots in the ground plane to achieve circular polarization in the C-band.
Main Results:
- Achieved multi-band operation with enhanced bandwidths: 0.88–1.61 GHz (L-band), 2.46–2.60 GHz (S-band), and 4.87–6.49 GHz (C-band).
- Demonstrated central operating frequencies at 1.06 GHz, 2.56 GHz, and 5.8 GHz.
- Obtained good agreement between simulated and measured results for return loss, radiation patterns, and realized gain.
Conclusions:
- The proposed Gielis' superformula-based antenna effectively supports multiple wireless standards.
- The sunflower-inspired design and CPW feed provide broadband and circularly polarized capabilities.
- The antenna is suitable for modern wireless communication systems requiring compact, cost-effective, multi-band solutions.
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