Ex post impact assessment of Marwa rehabilitation on irrigation performance under water scarcity in Egypt
Contact us if these videos are not relevant.
Contact us if these videos are not relevant.
View abstract on PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.Rehabilitating on-farm irrigation ditches (Marwas) in Egypt significantly boosts water efficiency and crop productivity. Farmers reported reduced irrigation time and costs, highlighting the benefits of improved water management systems.
Area Of Science
- Agricultural Engineering
- Water Resource Management
- Irrigation Science
Background
- Egypt faces severe water scarcity exacerbated by population growth and inefficient irrigation.
- Improving on-farm water-use efficiency is critical for agricultural sustainability.
Purpose Of The Study
- To assess the long-term impacts of rehabilitating on-farm irrigation ditches (Marwas) on water-use efficiency and farmer satisfaction.
- To evaluate the technical and socio-economic benefits of Marwas rehabilitation in Egypt's Menia Governorate.
Main Methods
- Combined technical (hydraulic measurements, geometric surveys) and socio-economic assessments.
- Interviews with 40 farmers (20 beneficiaries, 20 non-beneficiaries) five years post-rehabilitation.
- Comparison of water conveyance, application efficiency, water use efficiency, and water productivity between rehabilitated and unimproved Marwas.
Main Results
- Rehabilitated Marwas demonstrated improved water conveyance, meeting peak demand and reducing losses compared to unimproved systems.
- Wheat application efficiency increased from 50-60% to 63-89%, and water use efficiency improved from 0.59-0.69 to 0.72-0.87.
- Water productivity for wheat rose significantly in rehabilitated Marwas (1.75 kg/m³ vs. 0.93 kg/m³), with over 80% of farmers preferring them.
Conclusions
- Marwas rehabilitation enhances hydraulic performance, equitable water distribution, and farmer satisfaction in smallholder irrigation systems.
- The study provides valuable insights for improving water-use performance in similar agricultural settings.
- Further multi-season, multi-location studies are recommended for national-scale generalization.
Contact us if these videos are not relevant.
Contact us if these videos are not relevant.
Related Concept Videos
Trapezoidal channels are widely used in irrigation systems due to their cost-effectiveness and efficiency in conveying water. Trapezoidal channels feature a flat bottom and sloping sides, making them stable and easier to construct compared to other shapes. The bottom width and side slope ratio are determined based on the required flow capacity and site conditions. The side slope is kept gentle for unlined channels to prevent soil erosion.Hydraulic parameters in channel design include the flow...
Social psychologists analyze how groups influence one another, shaping social structures and interactions through both cooperation and competition. These dynamics manifest in various ways, ranging from economic partnerships to intergroup conflicts that shape societal structures and perceptions.Cooperation and Competition in Intergroup RelationsIntergroup relationships vary across contexts, sometimes fostering cooperation and mutual benefit while at other times leading to conflict and...
Impact occurs when two bodies collide, leading to the application of impulsive forces between them. Analyzing impact mechanics involves considering two colliding particles moving along a line known as the line of impact, which passes through their centers and is perpendicular to the contact plane.
When particles with different initial velocities collide, they induce deformation by applying equal and opposite impulses. At the point of maximum deformation, the particles move together with...
Water exists in any one of the three classical states: solid (ice), liquid (water), and gas (steam or water vapor). The state of water depends on i) the intermolecular forces that draw molecules together and ii) the kinetic energy that leads to movements that pull them apart.
Water freezes when the intermolecular forces are greater than the kinetic energy. Unlike most other substances, water is less dense in its solid state than in its liquid state. This is because each water molecule can form...
Specialized tissues in plant roots have evolved to capture water, minerals, and some ions from the soil. Roots exhibit a variety of branching patterns that facilitate this process. The outermost root cells have specialized structures called root hairs that increase the root surface, thus increasing soil contact. Water can passively cross into roots, as the concentration of water in the soil is higher than that of the root tissue. Minerals, in contrast, are actively transported into root cells.
In concrete preparation, the quality of water is paramount as it affects the strength and durability of the concrete. Potable water is usually preferred; however, it must not have excessive sodium or potassium to prevent compromising the concrete's integrity. Water quality is typically evaluated based on impurities such as dissolved solids, chlorides, and sulfates, and its pH value is ideally between 6 and 8. Even slightly acidic natural water may be acceptable unless it contains harmful...