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Peatland inception and development across Kalimantan, Indonesia
Gusti Z Anshari1,2, Monika Ruwaimana3, Rasis Putra Ritonga4
1Soil Science Department, Universitas Tanjungpura, Jalan Hadari Nawawi, Pontianak, West Kalimantan, 78124, Indonesia. gzanshari@live.untan.ac.id.
Scientific Reports
|January 20, 2026
Summary
Kalimantan peatlands initiated in the middle Holocene (coastal) and late Pleistocene (inland). Stable hydrology is key for carbon sequestration, with drainage causing significant capacity loss.
Area of Science:
- Earth Science
- Environmental Science
- Paleoclimatology
Background:
- Peatlands in Kalimantan have diverse geomorphological features.
- The timing and drivers of peatland initiation are poorly understood due to limited chronological data.
Purpose of the Study:
- To reconstruct the development and carbon accumulation histories of Kalimantan's peatlands.
- To identify the drivers of peatland initiation and carbon sequestration.
Main Methods:
- Utilized 55 radiocarbon ages and Bayesian age-depth modeling.
- Analyzed 15 peat cores from inland and coastal regions in West and East Kalimantan.
Main Results:
- Coastal peat initiation occurred in the middle Holocene, linked to sea-level rise.
- Inland peat formation began in the late Pleistocene.
- Carbon accumulation peaked in the middle Holocene under stable hydrology but declined in the late Holocene.
- Current drainage of tropical peatlands causes a significant loss in carbon sequestration capacity.
Conclusions:
- Sustained water balance is critical for long-term peat growth and carbon sequestration.
- Hydrological disruption drastically reduces carbon storage in peatlands.
- The decline in carbon sequestration capacity due to drainage is substantial compared to natural rates.
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