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Facial Nerve Surgery in the Rat Model to Study Axonal Inhibition and Regeneration
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Spare Parts: Repurposing Tissue in Facial Feminization Surgery.

Sumun Khetpal1, Anne E Hall1, Kaavian Shariati1

  • 1Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, University of California, 200 Medical Plaza, Suite 460, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA.

Aesthetic Plastic Surgery
|January 20, 2026
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Single-stage facial feminization surgery (FFS) utilizes "spare parts" like bone and cartilage for reconstruction. This approach creatively repurposes typically discarded tissues for enhanced facial aesthetics and reconstructive outcomes.

Keywords:
Dermal graftFacial feminization surgeryGenioplastyLip augmentationRhinoplastySplit calvarial bone graft

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Area of Science:

  • Plastic Surgery
  • Reconstructive Surgery
  • Anatomy

Background:

  • Single-stage facial feminization surgery (FFS) provides access to various autologous tissues.
  • Standard FFS procedures often involve discarding bone, cartilage, and fat.
  • These tissues hold potential for reconstructive grafting.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To describe methods for repurposing autologous tissues harvested during FFS.
  • To detail the intraoperative use of

Main Methods:

  • Utilized split calvarial bone and osteotomized mandibular bone for frontal sinus osteotomy sites and genioplasty.
  • Employed thyroid cartilage from chondrolaryngoplasty as shield grafts in rhinoplasty.
  • Used dermal fat grafts from excised scalp and forehead for lip augmentation and radix grafts.

Main Results:

  • Demonstrated reliable and effective use of repurposed calvarial bone, mandibular bone, thyroid cartilage, and dermal fat.
  • Achieved successful augmentation in osseous genioplasty, septal rhinoplasty, and lip augmentation.
  • Reported positive patient reception and outcomes over multiple years.

Conclusions:

  • Single-stage FFS offers a unique opportunity for autologous tissue grafting.
  • Repurposing of