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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 22, 2026

Production of Human CRISPR-Engineered CAR-T Cells

Production of Human CRISPR-Engineered CAR-T Cells

Published on: March 15, 2021

CAR-engineered cell therapies: current understandings and future perspectives.

Mobina Bayat¹, Javid Sadri Nahand²

¹Molecular Medicine Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.

Molecular Biomedicine

|January 20, 2026

Summary

Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) cell therapies, initially for cancer, now treat autoimmune diseases, infections, and more. These engineered immune cells offer precise, programmable treatment for diverse conditions.

Keywords:

Autoimmune Diseases Cancers Chimeric Antigen Receptor (CAR) Therapy Immunotherapy Infectious Diseases

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Area of Science:

Immunotherapy
Cellular Engineering
Translational Medicine

Background:

Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-engineered cell therapies have revolutionized cancer treatment.
These platforms are now being adapted for non-malignant conditions, including autoimmune disorders, infectious diseases, and organ transplantation.
The review covers CAR-T, CAR-NK, CAR-macrophages, and CAR-NKT cells, alongside next-generation designs.

Purpose of the Study:

To detail the evolution and diversification of CAR modalities.
To emphasize CAR therapy applications in hematologic and solid tumors, and beyond cancer.
To summarize research through 2025, evaluating efficacy, safety, and adverse events.

Main Methods:

Review of CAR structure, signaling pathways, and manufacturing processes.
Analysis of CAR therapy applications in oncology and non-malignant diseases.
Summary of up-to-date research, including clinical trials and innovations.

Main Results:

CAR therapies show efficacy beyond cancer, with examples in lupus, rheumatoid arthritis, HIV, and fibrosis.
CAR therapies demonstrate lower cytokine release syndrome (CRS) in autoimmune diseases compared to cancer.
Innovations like allogeneic products and logic-gated CARs are emerging, addressing challenges like manufacturing and cost.

Conclusions:

CAR-engineered treatments offer precise, programmable immune modulation for a wide range of diseases.
The potential of CAR therapies to translate into clinical practice is significant, with ongoing trials showing progress.
Continued research and innovation are crucial for overcoming challenges and expanding the clinical utility of CAR therapies.