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Updated: Jan 22, 2026

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A prefrontal cortex map based on single-neuron activity.

Pierre Le Merre1,2, Katharina Heining1, Marina Slashcheva1

  • 1Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.

Nature Neuroscience
|January 20, 2026
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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

The prefrontal cortex's organization is shaped by connectivity, not traditional regions. This study reveals how neuronal activity and function relate to this hierarchy, offering insights into brain organization.

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Cognitive Neuroscience
  • Computational Neuroscience

Background:

  • The intrinsic organization of the prefrontal cortex (PFC), crucial for cognition, remains unclear.
  • Understanding PFC organization is key to deciphering higher cognitive functions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the organizational principles of the prefrontal cortex (PFC).
  • To map neuronal activity and spatial location to understand PFC functional architecture.

Main Methods:

  • Recorded activity and spatial location of over 24,000 neurons in awake mice.
  • Generated high-resolution activity maps of the PFC.
  • Analyzed spontaneous firing rates and choice-related activity during a behavioral task.

Main Results:

  • PFC activity maps did not align with cytoarchitectural subregions.
  • Spontaneous activity and choice tuning correlated with intra-PFC hierarchy, suggesting connectivity shapes organization.
  • Low-rate, regular spontaneous firing characterized the PFC and high hierarchy.
  • Choice tuning was more common in neurons with high spontaneous firing rates.

Conclusions:

  • Connectivity, not cytoarchitecture, defines the PFC's activity landscape.
  • A hierarchy based on connectivity links distinct neuronal populations to specific functional properties.
  • This data-driven approach offers a scalable method to study brain organization across regions and species.