Non-Mammalian Models in Ischemic Stroke Research: Advances, Applications, and Translational Potential

Area of Science:

• Neuroscience
• Translational Medicine
• Genetics

Background:

• Ischemic stroke is a leading cause of death and disability worldwide.
• Rodent models have limitations in translating findings to human stroke.
• There is a need for alternative experimental systems in stroke research.

Purpose of the Study:

• To review the significance of non-mammalian models in advancing ischemic stroke research.
• To highlight the advantages of zebrafish and Drosophila melanogaster as models for stroke.
• To emphasize the complementary role of these models in understanding stroke pathogenesis and therapy.

Main Methods:

• Review of existing literature on non-mammalian models in ischemic stroke research.
• Discussion of zebrafish models, including photothrombotic and systemic hypoxia paradigms.
• Exploration of Drosophila melanogaster models for studying hypoxia-induced neuronal damage and comorbidities.

Main Results:

• Zebrafish offer genetic homology, optical transparency, neural regeneration, and suitability for live imaging and behavioral studies.
• Drosophila provide a rapid life cycle and genetic tools for investigating neuronal damage and stroke-related issues like sleep disturbances.
• Non-mammalian models are cost-efficient, ethically favorable, and suitable for high-throughput screening.

Conclusions:

• Non-mammalian models, despite differences, provide crucial complementary data for stroke research.
• These models enhance our understanding of stroke pathogenesis and aid in therapeutic innovation.
• Integrating non-mammalian systems into multi-model research frameworks is essential for advancing stroke science.