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Ultrasonic activation improves bond strength of calcium silicate-based sealers to dentin: an in vitro study
Gizem Aynur1, Ömer Faruk Topkara2, Aylin Kalaycı2
1Department of Endodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Ankara University, Ankara, 06560, Turkey. gizemaynur33@gmail.com.
Background:
This study investigated the effects of ultrasonic activation (UA) of three calcium silicate-based root canal sealers on their bond strength to dentin.
Methods:
Eighty single-rooted mandibular premolar teeth were randomly divided into eight groups (n = 10) according to the type of sealer and ultrasonic activation (UA) application. The sealers used were classified as calcium silicate-based (AH Plus Bioceramic, VDW.1Seal, and FKG TotalFill BC) and resin-based (AH Plus, control). Root canals were prepared using nickel-titanium rotary instruments (RACE EVO system; FKG Dentaire, La Chaux-de-Fonds, Switzerland) up to size 35/0.06 as the master apical file. Obturation was performed using the single-cone technique with matching-taper gutta-percha cones. In the UA groups, the sealer was applied to the canal and activated with a non-cutting ultrasonic tip (E10-S, Eighteeth, Changzhou, China) for 20 s. Three slices (1.0 ± 0.1 mm) were obtained from the coronal, middle, and apical thirds of each root, and the push-out bond strength test was performed. Data were analyzed using the Kruskal-Wallis and Bonferroni-adjusted Mann-Whitney U tests, with the level of statistical significance set at p < 0.05.
Results:
No significant difference was found in the coronal third among the groups with and without ultrasonic activation (p > 0.05). In the middle third, ultrasonic activation significantly increased the bond strength of the VDW.1Seal group (p = 0.035). In the apical third, ultrasonic activation significantly enhanced the bond strength of both the VDW.1Seal (p = 0.015) and AH Plus (p = 0.004) groups.
Conclusion:
Ultrasonic activation was found to enhance the bond strength of certain sealers in different regions of the teeth, with a notable increase observed, particularly in the apical third, for most of the evaluated sealers. The results suggest that the use of ultrasonic activation may improve bonding performance depending on the sealer. These findings may have clinical implications for optimizing root canal obturation techniques.
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