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Interdisciplinary approaches to advanced cardiovascular tissue engineering: ECM-based biomaterials, 3D bioprinting,
Uijung Yong1,2, Sooyeon Lee1,2, Seungman Jung3
1Department of Creative IT Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), 77 Cheongam-ro, Namgu, Pohang, Kyungbuk 37673, Republic of Korea.
Insights
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) tissue engineering offers new solutions for heart tissue replacement, overcoming limitations of current treatments. Advanced biomaterials and 3D bioprinting create better engineered tissues for transplantation and research.
Area of Science:
- Biomedical Engineering
- Regenerative Medicine
- Cardiovascular Research
Background:
- Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is a leading cause of global mortality, necessitating effective treatments for damaged heart tissues.
- Current methods for cardiovascular (CV) tissue replacement, including grafts and prostheses, face challenges like donor scarcity, immune rejection, and limited durability.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review advancements in cardiovascular tissue engineering for developing viable alternatives to current therapies.
- To explore the role of novel biomaterials, 3D bioprinting, and assessment techniques in creating functional engineered CV tissues.
Main Methods:
- Systematic review of literature on CV tissue-specific biomaterials.
- Analysis of advanced 3D bioprinting techniques for CV tissue fabrication.
- Evaluation of assessment methods for engineered CV tissues' structural and electrical properties.
Main Results:
- Significant progress in CV tissue-specific biomaterials and 3D bioprinting enhances engineered tissue relevance.
- Development of evaluation methods allows for non- or less-invasive, real-time assessment of 3D engineered CV tissues.
- Tissue engineering strategies are crucial for improving physiological and anatomical accuracy in engineered CV tissues.
Conclusions:
- Cardiovascular tissue engineering holds promise for overcoming limitations of current CVD treatments.
- Integration of advanced biomaterials, 3D bioprinting, and assessment methods is key to next-generation CVD therapeutics.
- Further understanding of these strategies will accelerate the development of effective treatments for cardiovascular diseases.
Abstract:
As a class of representative intractable diseases, cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the most common cause of global mortality, accounting for approximately 17.9 million deaths each year. At the end of the disease stage, surgery for replacement of cardiovascular (CV) tissue is inevitably required due to the limited regeneration capacity of CV tissue. However, the currently available methods (e.g. autografts, allografts, xenografts, prostheses) have limited therapeutic efficacy because of donor shortage, immunological transplant rejection, anticoagulant therapy, and less durability. To overcome these limitations, CV tissue engineering technology has been extensively explored to develop replaceable tissue and organs forin vivotransplantation. In addition, 3D tissue models are also studied forin vitromechanistic study and therapeutic screening. To accomplish this, there has been tremendous progress in studying various CV tissue-specific biomaterials and advanced 3D bioprinting techniques to enhance the physiological and anatomical relevance of engineered CV tissues. Moreover, a variety of evaluation methods have been investigated to validate the unique structural properties and electrical activity of the engineered CV tissues towards non- or less-invasive and real-time assessments in 3D volumetric structures. In this review, we systemically present and discuss the advantages and applications of CV tissue-specific biomaterials, 3D bioprinting techniques, and assessment methods that can facilitate real-time monitoring. A thorough understanding of advanced strategies in CV tissue engineering can be utilized to guide work on next-generation therapeutics for CVD.
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