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Shock-compression-based equation of state for perfluorohexane
Anunay Prasanna1, Guillaume T Bokman1, Samuele Fiorini1
1ETH Zürich, Institute of Fluid Dynamics, D-MAVT, Zürich, Switzerland.
Physical Review. E
|January 21, 2026
Summary
Researchers determined the thermodynamic properties of perfluorohexane, a key material in biomedical acoustics. This enables accurate computer simulations for developing advanced acoustically responsive agents for clinical use.
Area of Science:
- Biomedical Engineering
- Materials Science
- Acoustics
Background:
- Perfluorohexane is a biocompatible liquid core for acoustically responsive agents.
- Lack of thermodynamic data hinders accurate acoustic response prediction for these agents.
- Accurate simulations are crucial for developing and translating biomedical agents for clinical use.
Purpose of the Study:
- To experimentally determine the thermodynamic properties of perfluorohexane.
- To develop a Noble-Abel stiffened-gas equation of state for perfluorohexane.
- To validate the equation of state using hydrodynamic simulations of shock-wave propagation.
Main Methods:
- Shock compression experiments at high pressures (100-400 MPa).
- Multi-objective optimization to derive the Noble-Abel stiffened-gas equation of state.
- Hydrodynamic numerical simulations of shock-wave propagation in perfluorohexane droplets.
Main Results:
- An accurate equation of state for perfluorohexane was obtained.
- Simulations of shock-wave propagation showed excellent agreement with experimental data.
- The developed equation of state is suitable for hydrodynamic numerical simulations.
Conclusions:
- This study provides essential thermodynamic data for perfluorohexane.
- Numerical simulations are validated as a powerful tool for understanding acoustic interactions in biomedical agents.
- Facilitates the clinical translation of perfluorohexane-based acoustically responsive agents.
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