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Range00:59

Range

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The range is one of the measures of variation. It can be defined as the difference between a dataset's highest and lowest values. For example, in the study of seven 16-ounce soda cans, the filled volume of soda was measured, thus producing the following amount (in ounces) of soda:
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A critical value is a definite value obtained from a particular probability distribution at a predecided confidence level (or a predecided significance level) for a given population parameter. The critical value provides demarcation that separates the sample statistics that are likely to occur from the ones that are unlikely to occur based on the given probability distribution and the population parameter to be estimated. The critical value for normal distribution is obtained from the z...
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Critical thinking is a cognitive process with several attributes. The attributes of critical thinking include the following:
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A Lateralized Odor Learning Model in Neonatal Rats for Dissecting Neural Circuitry Underpinning Memory Formation
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Memory in neural activity: Long-range order without criticality.

Jay K-C Sun1, Chesson Sipling1, Yuan-Hang Zhang1

  • 1University of California San Diego, Department of Physics, La Jolla, California 92093-0319, USA.

Physical Review. E
|January 21, 2026
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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

The brain may exhibit long-range order (LRO) due to memory, not necessarily criticality. This finding challenges the criticality hypothesis by showing LRO can arise from slow resource dynamics in neural models.

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Computational Neuroscience
  • Complex Systems

Background:

  • The criticality hypothesis suggests the brain operates at a critical transition point, evidenced by scale-free neural activity.
  • The validity of the criticality hypothesis in explaining brain function remains under debate.
  • Neural activity models often explore phase transitions and emergent properties.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate whether long-range order (LRO) in neural activity can emerge without criticality.
  • To explore the role of memory (time nonlocality) in inducing LRO within a cortical dynamics model.
  • To challenge the necessity of criticality for observing scale-free dynamics in neural systems.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized a common model of cortical dynamics with distinct fast (neural) and slow (resource/memory) timescales.
  • Analyzed the impact of resource dynamics' slowness on neural activity patterns.
  • Examined avalanche size and duration probability distributions for power-law behavior.

Main Results:

  • Observed a phase of long-range order (LRO) induced by slow resource dynamics (memory), independent of criticality.
  • LRO manifested as power-law distributions in avalanche size and duration.
  • This LRO phase was found to be robust across a wide parameter range, unlike typical critical systems.

Conclusions:

  • Neural activity can exhibit long-range order and power-law statistics through memory effects (time nonlocality) without operating at a critical point.
  • The study provides an alternative mechanism to criticality for generating scale-free dynamics in neural models.
  • Findings suggest that memory dynamics play a crucial role in shaping emergent neural activity patterns.