Search research articles

ABOUT JoVE

Overview Leadership Blog JoVE Help Center

AUTHORS

Publishing Process Editorial Board Scope & Policies Peer Review FAQ Submit

LIBRARIANS

Testimonials Subscriptions Access Resources Library Advisory Board FAQ

RESEARCH

JoVE Journal Methods Collections JoVE Encyclopedia of Experiments Archive

EDUCATION

JoVE Core JoVE Business JoVE Science Education JoVE Lab Manual Faculty Resource Center Faculty Site

Terms & Conditions of Use

Related Concept Videos

Alternative Sets of Equilibrium Equations

Alternative Sets of Equilibrium Equations

When analyzing the behavior of structures, engineers often rely on the concept of equilibrium. This refers to the state where all forces and moments acting on a system balance each other, resulting in no net movement or rotation. In many cases, equilibrium can be described by a set of standard equations. However, in some situations, alternative sets of equilibrium equations must be used to describe the system's behavior accurately.
One example of such a situation can be observed in a...

Design Example: Setting a Curve Using Design Data

Design Example: Setting a Curve Using Design Data

Designing and plotting a curve using field data requires precise calculations and execution. A horizontal curve with a radius of 200 meters and an intersection angle of 20 degrees is established using the method of perpendicular offsets from the long chord. The long chord, which spans between the curve's endpoints, is calculated to be 69.46 meters in length. To maintain accuracy in plotting, intervals of 3 meters are selected along the chord.The engineer determines the offset distances for each...

Weir

Weir

A weir is a hydraulic structure designed to partially obstruct an open channel, enabling precise control and measurement of water flow. By forcing water to flow over or through it, a weir allows for accurate determination of discharge rates, making it an essential tool in water resource management. These structures are extensively used in regulating river flows, irrigation systems, and flood control channels.Types of Weirs and Their FeaturesWeirs are categorized primarily into sharp-crested and...

Weir: Problem Solving

Weir: Problem Solving

Water flow in open channels is often measured using hydraulic structures such as weirs, which allow precise calculation of discharge. In a rectangular channel, flow rates are measured using three types of weirs: rectangular sharp-crested, triangular sharp-crested, and broad-crested. The weir head is set at a fixed height above the channel bottom, simplifying calculations and enabling the relationship between depth and flow rate to be analyzed.For the rectangular sharp-crested weir, the flow...

Buffers

Buffers

A solution containing appreciable amounts of a weak conjugate acid-base pair is called a buffer solution, or a buffer. Buffer solutions resist a change in pH when small amounts of a strong acid or a strong base are added. A solution of acetic acid and sodium acetate is an example of a buffer that consists of a weak acid and its salt: CH3COOH (aq) + CH3COONa (aq). An example of a buffer that consists of a weak base and its salt is a solution of ammonia and ammonium chloride: NH3 (aq) + NH4Cl...

Design Example: Managing Concrete Workability

Design Example: Managing Concrete Workability

This example deals with managing the workability of concrete for a raft foundation project under hot weather conditions. Workability is crucial for ensuring the concrete is easy to place, compact, and finish. In this scenario, a slump test — a common method to measure the workability of fresh concrete — initially indicated low workability. This was attributed to the rapid water loss from the concrete mix, exacerbated by the high temperatures causing the course aggregates to heat up.

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by

Same author

Parameterizing V-notch Weir Equations for Flow Monitoring in a Drainage Control Structure.

Journal of visualized experiments : JoVE·2025

Same author

Accurate X-ray diffraction data required for proper evaluation of bond valence sums and global instability indexes: redetermination of the crystal structures of diamond-like Cu<sub>2</sub>CdSiS<sub>4</sub> and Cu<sub>2</sub>HgSnS<sub>4</sub> as a case study.

Acta crystallographica. Section C, Structural chemistry·2023

Same author

Multifunctional Cu<sub>2</sub>TSiS<sub>4</sub> (T = Mn and Fe): Polar Semiconducting Antiferromagnets with Nonlinear Optical Properties.

Inorganic chemistry·2022

Same author

Crystal structure, electronic structure, and optical properties of the novel Li<sub>4</sub>CdGe<sub>2</sub>S<sub>7</sub>, a wide-bandgap quaternary sulfide with a polar structure derived from lonsdaleite.

Acta crystallographica. Section C, Structural chemistry·2022

Same author

Cu<sub>4</sub>MnGe<sub>2</sub>S<sub>7</sub> and Cu<sub>2</sub>MnGeS<sub>4</sub>: two polar thiogermanates exhibiting second harmonic generation in the infrared and structures derived from hexagonal diamond.

Dalton transactions (Cambridge, England : 2003)·2021

Same author

Synthesis, crystal structure, and electronic structure of Li<sub>2</sub>PbSiS<sub>4</sub>: a quaternary thiosilicate with a compressed chalcopyrite-like structure.

Acta crystallographica. Section C, Structural chemistry·2021

Search research articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 22, 2026

Parameterizing V-notch Weir Equations for Flow Monitoring in a Drainage Control Structure

Parameterizing V-notch Weir Equations for Flow Monitoring in a Drainage Control Structure

Published on: April 25, 2025

Saturated buffer performance under alternative weir settings: Implications for design and management.

Gabriel M Johnson¹, Thomas M Isenhart¹, Christopher Hay^2,3

¹Department of Natural Resource Ecology and Management, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa, USA.

Journal of Environmental Quality

|January 21, 2026

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Seasonal management of saturated buffers effectively removes nitrate-nitrogen (NO3-N) from tile drainage. However, extended full drainage periods can lead to significant NO3-N losses, necessitating careful site consideration.

More Related Videos

Fabrication and Design of Wood-Based High-Performance Composites

Fabrication and Design of Wood-Based High-Performance Composites

Published on: November 9, 2019

A Community-based Stress Management Program: Using Wearable Devices to Assess Whole Body Physiological Responses in Non-laboratory Settings

A Community-based Stress Management Program: Using Wearable Devices to Assess Whole Body Physiological Responses in Non-laboratory Settings

Published on: January 22, 2018

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jan 22, 2026

Parameterizing V-notch Weir Equations for Flow Monitoring in a Drainage Control Structure

Parameterizing V-notch Weir Equations for Flow Monitoring in a Drainage Control Structure

Published on: April 25, 2025

Fabrication and Design of Wood-Based High-Performance Composites

Fabrication and Design of Wood-Based High-Performance Composites

Published on: November 9, 2019

A Community-based Stress Management Program: Using Wearable Devices to Assess Whole Body Physiological Responses in Non-laboratory Settings

A Community-based Stress Management Program: Using Wearable Devices to Assess Whole Body Physiological Responses in Non-laboratory Settings

Published on: January 22, 2018

Area of Science:

Agricultural Water Management
Environmental Science
Soil Science

Background:

Saturated buffers are crucial edge-of-field practices for mitigating nitrate-nitrogen (NO3-N) runoff from subsurface drainage.
The influence of seasonal weir elevation management on NO3-N removal efficiency in saturated buffers remains understudied.

Purpose of the Study:

To assess the impact of control box weir elevation management on NO3-N removal in a saturated buffer.
To compare in situ treatment performance against design predictions from USDA NRCS conservation practice standard 604.

Main Methods:

Monitoring a 253 m saturated buffer (approx. 6 ha) for flow and NO3-N load from 2022-2024.
Adjusting weir elevations to "full drainage," "growing season," and "fallow season" settings.
Analyzing treatment efficiency and flow bypass during different management periods.

Main Results:

During a 29-day "full drainage" period, 25% of flow and 28% of NO3-N load bypassed the buffer.
NO3-N removal efficiency was higher in 2022 compared to 2023 and 2024.
Actual treated flow exceeded predictions, while peak drainage flow was lower, indicating higher-than-designed treatment capacity utilization.

Conclusions:

Seasonal weir management can achieve substantial NO3-N removal in saturated buffers.
Extended "full drainage" periods require careful management to prevent significant NO3-N losses.
Discrepancies between observed and predicted performance suggest a need for revised saturated buffer design methodologies.