Related Experiment Video
Updated: Jan 22, 2026

Isolation of Cerebrospinal Fluid from Rodent Embryos for use with Dissected Cerebral Cortical Explants
Published on: March 11, 2013
The Effect of Cranioplasty on Cerebrospinal Fluid Dynamics in the Cerebral Aqueduct
Peiwen Yao1, Zhouqi Qian1, Rui Ji2
1Department of Neurosurgery, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University, Shanghai, China.
Objective:
This study investigated the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) dynamic changes before and after cranioplasty using phase-contrast cine magnetic resonance imaging.
Methods:
We performed a prospective observational study in the patients who underwent cranioplasty in the neurosurgical department of our hospital between June 2022 and March 2025. We reviewed the changes of CSF flow parameters in the cerebral aqueduct before and after cranioplasty.
Results:
Totally, nine patients were enrolled, including five males and four females, with a mean age of 48.1 years. The time interval between decompressive craniectomy (DC) and cranioplasty was 119.1±45.1 days. The skull defect diameter and area were 10.7±2.2 cm and 94.4±34.6 cm2, respectively. There are significant increases in forward flow volume (p=0.002), backward flow volume (p=0.002), net stroke volume (p=0.012), absolute stroke volume (p=0.001), mean flux (p=0.005), mean velocity (p=0.001), and peak velocity (p<0.001) after cranioplasty when compared with those parameters before cranioplasty. No significant correlation was observed between patient characteristics and the improvement magnitude of CSF flow parameters caused by cranioplasty.
Conclusion:
This study indicates that cranioplasty may have beneficial effects on CSF flow dynamics in the cerebral aqueduct after DC, which provides therapeutic potentials for complications related to CSF flow stagnancy after DC.
Related Concept Videos
Cerebrospinal Fluid
CSF Production
CSF is produced mainly in the choroid plexus, a network of capillaries and ependymal cells located within the ventricular system of the brain....
The Fluid Mosaic Model
Dynamic Equilibrium
Accelerating Fluids
The motion of the liquid within this infinitesimal cylinder is considered to obtain the pressure difference. Three vertical forces act on this liquid:
Fluid Pressure
According to Pascal's law, a fluid at rest will generate equal pressure in all directions. This pressure is measured as a force per unit area, and its magnitude depends on the fluid's specific...
Characteristics of Fluids
Fluids, which include both liquids and gases, are substances that deform continuously under shearing stress. For example, water and oil are liquids with molecules that can...

