Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Long-term Depression01:05

Long-term Depression

33.2K
Long-term depression, or LTD, is one of the ways by which synaptic plasticity—changes in the strength of chemical synapses—can occur in the brain. LTD is the process of synaptic weakening that occurs over time between pre and postsynaptic neuronal connections. The synaptic weakening of LTD works in opposition to synaptic strengthening by long-term potentiation (LTP) and together are the main mechanisms that underlie learning and memory.
33.2K
Long-term Depression01:03

Long-term Depression

3.1K
Long-term depression, or LTD, is one of the ways by which synaptic plasticity—changes in the strength of chemical synapses—can occur in the brain. LTD is the process of synaptic weakening that occurs over time between pre and postsynaptic neuronal connections. The synaptic weakening of LTD works in opposition to synaptic strengthening by long-term potentiation (LTP) and together are the main mechanisms that underlie learning and memory.
Calcium Ion Concentration Mechanism
If over...
3.1K
Freezing Point Depression and Boiling Point Elevation03:12

Freezing Point Depression and Boiling Point Elevation

39.6K
Boiling Point Elevation
The boiling point of a liquid is the temperature at which its vapor pressure is equal to ambient atmospheric pressure. Since the vapor pressure of a solution is lowered due to the presence of nonvolatile solutes, it stands to reason that the solution’s boiling point will subsequently be increased. Vapor pressure increases with temperature, and so a solution will require a higher temperature than will pure solvent to achieve any given vapor pressure, including one...
39.6K
Depressants01:28

Depressants

385
Depressant drugs, including alcohol and sedative-hypnotics, diminish central nervous system activity by enhancing the action of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA), a neurotransmitter that reduces brain activity and promotes relaxation. These substances can have various therapeutic uses but also pose significant risks, especially when misused or combined.
Alcohol is a common depressant that can induce a sense of relaxation and reduced inhibition at low doses. Contrary to its occasional...
385
Depression: Overview01:18

Depression: Overview

809
Depression is a prevalent mental illness marked by persistent sadness and lack of interest in previously enjoyable activities. It can take several forms, including major depression, persistent depressive disorder, and bipolar I and II disorders. Symptoms range from emotional changes like chronic worry to physical changes like sleep disturbances and suicidal thoughts. From a neurobiological perspective, depression is believed to be triggered by abnormalities in the brain's prefrontal cortex,...
809
Association Areas of the Cortex01:21

Association Areas of the Cortex

9.0K
Association areas are regions of the cerebral cortex that do not have a specific sensory or motor function. Instead, they integrate and interpret information from various sources to enable higher cognitive processes such as memory, learning, and decision-making. Some key association areas include the following:
Prefrontal Association Area: This area is located in the frontal lobe and is involved in planning, decision-making, and moderating social behavior. It connects with primary motor areas,...
9.0K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Temporal trends and future projections of amphetamine use disorder in China and the United States: findings from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2023.

The American journal of drug and alcohol abuse·2026
Same author

Associations of television viewing and computer use with cognitive performance in older adults: A cross-sectional NHANES study.

Journal of Alzheimer's disease : JAD·2026
Same author

Cumulative Social Determinants of Health Are Associated With Anxiety: A Weighted Quantile Sum Analysis.

Inquiry : a journal of medical care organization, provision and financing·2026
Same author

Efficacy and safety of acupuncture for post-COVID-19 depression: a protocol for systematic review and meta-analysis.

BMJ open·2023
Same author

Combined Tui na and Western medicine treatment improves pulmonary function and quality of life in patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: A case report.

Medicine·2023
Same author

Electroacupuncture improves myocardial ischemia injury via activation of adenosine receptors.

Purinergic signalling·2020
Same journal

Longitudinal Cognitive Evolution in Alcohol Use Disorder Patients: Role of Inflammation, Time of Abstinence and Apolipoprotein Profile.

Addiction biology·2026
Same journal

The Interplay Between Sleep Disturbance, Glymphatic Dysfunction and Altered Brain Networks in Internet Gaming Disorder: A Multimodal Neuroimaging Study.

Addiction biology·2026
Same journal

Correction to "Learning Mechanisms in Alcohol Use Disorders".

Addiction biology·2026
Same journal

Abnormal Brain Structural Covariance Networks of Cortical Thickness in Cocaine Use Disorder.

Addiction biology·2026
Same journal

The Orexin System Modulates Stress-Induced Alcohol Preference and Reinstatement in Adolescents: Bioinformatics and Experimental Evidence.

Addiction biology·2026
Same journal

Learning Mechanisms in Alcohol Use Disorders.

Addiction biology·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 22, 2026

A Procedure to Study the Effect of Prolonged Food Restriction on Heroin Seeking in Abstinent Rats
10:35

A Procedure to Study the Effect of Prolonged Food Restriction on Heroin Seeking in Abstinent Rats

Published on: November 11, 2013

11.6K

Association Between Heroin Use and Depression: NHANES 2005-2018.

Bei Li1, Zhuojun Yang2, Xiaoxiao Zhang2

  • 1School of Acupuncture and Tuina, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China.

Addiction Biology
|January 21, 2026
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Heroin use is linked to a significantly higher risk of major depression in US adults. This association is stronger in younger individuals and current smokers, highlighting the need for integrated mental health and substance use treatment.

Keywords:
NHANEScross‐sectional studydepressionheroinmental healthsubstance abuse

More Related Videos

Author Spotlight: Unveiling the Connection Between Sleep Disorders and Cognitive Symptoms in Depression
04:33

Author Spotlight: Unveiling the Connection Between Sleep Disorders and Cognitive Symptoms in Depression

Published on: April 26, 2024

1.2K
A Procedure to Study Stress-Induced Relapse of Heroin Seeking after Punishment-Imposed Abstinence
08:05

A Procedure to Study Stress-Induced Relapse of Heroin Seeking after Punishment-Imposed Abstinence

Published on: March 23, 2022

2.9K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jan 22, 2026

A Procedure to Study the Effect of Prolonged Food Restriction on Heroin Seeking in Abstinent Rats
10:35

A Procedure to Study the Effect of Prolonged Food Restriction on Heroin Seeking in Abstinent Rats

Published on: November 11, 2013

11.6K
Author Spotlight: Unveiling the Connection Between Sleep Disorders and Cognitive Symptoms in Depression
04:33

Author Spotlight: Unveiling the Connection Between Sleep Disorders and Cognitive Symptoms in Depression

Published on: April 26, 2024

1.2K
A Procedure to Study Stress-Induced Relapse of Heroin Seeking after Punishment-Imposed Abstinence
08:05

A Procedure to Study Stress-Induced Relapse of Heroin Seeking after Punishment-Imposed Abstinence

Published on: March 23, 2022

2.9K

Area of Science:

  • Public Health
  • Psychiatry
  • Epidemiology

Background:

  • Heroin use and major depression are significant global health burdens.
  • Existing evidence on the heroin use-depression link is limited, often from small, clinical samples.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the association between lifetime heroin use and clinically significant depression in a nationally representative US adult population.
  • To explore potential modifications of this association by age and smoking status.

Main Methods:

  • Cross-sectional analysis of 19,022 US adults from the 2005-2018 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey.
  • Depression assessed using PHQ-9 score (≥ 10 for clinical significance).
  • Multivariable regression models adjusted for sociodemographic, behavioral, and clinical factors.

Main Results:

  • Lifetime heroin use was independently associated with a higher likelihood of depression (aOR = 1.85).
  • The association was significant across various subgroups and modified by age and smoking status.
  • Non-linear relationship found between age of first heroin use and depression risk, with earlier initiation (≤20.4 years) linked to higher risk.

Conclusions:

  • Lifetime heroin use substantially increases the risk of clinically significant depression in the general US population.
  • Younger adults and current smokers with a history of heroin use are particularly vulnerable.
  • Integrated screening and concurrent treatment for substance use and mood disorders are crucial.