Impact of Textile-Derived Micro- and Nanoplastics on Brain Health: An Emerging Environmental Risk

Area of Science:

• Environmental Health
• Toxicology
• Neuroscience

Background:

• Textile micro- and nanoplastics (MNPs) are pervasive environmental pollutants, primarily from synthetic fibers.
• These fibrous MNPs are less studied than other plastic types, creating a knowledge gap regarding their health effects.
• MNPs are found in indoor air, dust, and the human body, indicating widespread exposure.

Purpose of the Study:

• To review the evidence on textile-derived MNPs translocating to the brain.
• To examine the neurotoxic effects of these MNPs.
• To explore potential therapeutic interventions against MNP-induced neurotoxicity.

Main Methods:

• Literature review of experimental studies on MNP translocation and neurotoxicity.
• Analysis of pathways for MNP brain entry (olfactory and systemic).
• Examination of MNP-induced cellular mechanisms (oxidative stress, neuroinflammation, protein aggregation).

Main Results:

• Textile MNPs can cross biological barriers, including the blood-brain barrier, reaching the brain.
• Inhalation and ingestion are key exposure routes.
• MNPs are linked to oxidative stress, neuroinflammation, and protein aggregation, relevant to neurodegenerative diseases like Alzheimer's and Parkinson's.

Conclusions:

• Textile-derived MNPs pose a significant threat to neurological health.
• Further research is crucial for understanding mechanisms, assessing exposure, and implementing regulations.
• Natural compounds like polyphenols and omega-3 fatty acids show potential for mitigating MNP neurotoxicity.