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Variation in Human Bone Collagen Turnover Among Skeletal Elements.

Olivia Hall1, Shari L Forbes2, Paul Szpak1

  • 1Department of Anthropology, Trent University, Peterborough, Ontario, Canada.

American Journal of Biological Anthropology
|January 21, 2026
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Bone collagen turnover rates vary significantly across human skeletal elements. Researchers should consider these differences, particularly selecting vertebrae and ulnae for isotopic studies to improve accuracy in reconstructing life histories.

Keywords:
14Cbomb carbon datingdietary analysisisotope analysisturnover rate

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Area of Science:

  • Paleoanthropology
  • Biogeochemistry
  • Forensic Anthropology

Background:

  • Bone collagen stable isotope composition is vital for archeological and paleontological research.
  • However, human bone collagen turnover rates across different skeletal elements are not well understood.
  • This knowledge gap limits the accuracy of stable isotopic analyses.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate and quantify bone collagen turnover rates in various human skeletal elements.
  • To assess the implications of these varying rates for stable isotope studies.
  • To provide recommendations for optimal skeletal element selection in isotopic research.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized the bomb carbon dating method to quantify bone collagen turnover rates.
  • Sampled 53 skeletal elements from seven adult donors (aged 54-78).
  • Collected samples from a human decomposition facility in Québec, Canada.

Main Results:

  • Significant variations in turnover rates were observed among skeletal elements.
  • Turnover rates, from slowest to fastest, were ranked: ulna, humerus, femur, rib, pelvis, and vertebra.
  • Bone collagen isotopic composition reflects a long-term, uneven life history, weighted towards earlier life for slow-turnover elements.

Conclusions:

  • Skeletal element turnover rate variation must be considered in stable isotope studies.
  • Rib and femur are less suitable for reconstructing temporal life history variations due to their turnover rates.
  • Vertebrae and ulnae are recommended for isotopic studies due to their distinct turnover rates.