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Patient-derived organoids in non-small cell lung cancer: advances in drug sensitivity testing

Wanyu Tang1, Xudong Tian1

  • 1Department of Health Medicine, Chongqing Youth Vocational and Technical College, Chongqing, China.

Frontiers in Pharmacology
|January 21, 2026
PubMed

Insights

Patient-derived organoids (PDOs) are advanced preclinical models for non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). These models accurately reflect tumor traits, aiding personalized drug sensitivity testing and resistance mechanism discovery.

Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Translational Medicine
  • Biotechnology

Background:

  • Patient-derived organoids (PDOs) offer superior recapitulation of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) heterogeneity compared to traditional models.
  • PDOs preserve crucial genetic, phenotypic, and functional characteristics of primary tumors.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review advancements and challenges in establishing NSCLC PDOs.
  • To highlight the potential of PDOs in guiding personalized NSCLC therapy.
  • To address limitations hindering clinical translation.

Main Methods:

  • Review of optimized culture protocols, genetic engineering, and cryopreservation techniques for PDOs.
  • Analysis of PDO utility in drug sensitivity testing (chemotherapy, targeted therapy, immunotherapy).
  • Investigation of PDO applications in elucidating drug resistance mechanisms.

Main Results:

  • PDOs enable precise drug sensitivity testing and reveal resistance mechanisms like EGFR-TKI resistance.
  • Optimized methods have enhanced PDO scalability and clinical relevance.
  • PDOs have identified novel therapeutic synergies for clinical translation.

Conclusions:

  • NSCLC PDOs represent a powerful tool for personalized medicine, improving drug development and treatment strategies.
  • Further standardization and immune microenvironment modeling are needed for full clinical integration.
  • PDOs hold significant promise for bridging the gap between preclinical research and clinical application in NSCLC.
Keywords:
drug resistancehigh-throughput drug screeninglung cancerorganoidsprecision therapytumor microenvironment

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