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Social determinants of health in recreational nitrous oxide use: a narrative review
Isabelle Symes1, Piranavi Jeyaruban1, Safiya A Zaloum1,2
1Centre for Preventive Neurology, Wolfson Institute of Population Health, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK.
Abstract:
Nitrous oxide (N2O), also known as laughing gas, is a colourless, odourless gas. In recent years, recreational use of N2O has become increasingly common. Heavy or regular use can induce health and social harms. Social determinants of health (SDOH) are the conditions in which people are born, grow, live, work and age. SDOH influence drug misuse and health outcomes but remains underexplored in N2O. This narrative review examines evidence on the impacts of SDOH on health and social outcomes within the context of N2O use. We applied the WHO Commission on Social Determinants of Health conceptual framework to map and synthesise extracted literature. Evidence supports an intersection between socioeconomic position, mental health, social setting, health system and political factors within the context of N2O. Identifying and addressing these intersections between SDOH and N2O misuse could aid prevention efforts and improve care for those affected. Future research into the impacts of ethnicity, culture and legislative changes is now warranted.
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