Routine Immunization Services in The Postpandemic Period: Evidence From Operational Research in Assam

Area of Science:

• Public Health
• Vaccinology
• Healthcare Management

Background:

• Childhood is a critical developmental period susceptible to vaccine-preventable diseases.
• The COVID-19 pandemic significantly disrupted routine immunization services in Assam.
• This study presents a process evaluation of routine immunization service delivery in the region.

Purpose of the Study:

• To assess the status of routine immunization service delivery in Assam.
• To identify areas for improvement in vaccination program implementation.
• To provide data-driven recommendations for strengthening immunization coverage.

Main Methods:

• A supportive supervision tool developed by the Ministry of Health and Family Welfare (MOHFW) was utilized.
• A total of 2312 session sites across 33 districts in Assam were monitored.
• Descriptive and analytical statistics were employed for data analysis using SPSS v. 25.

Main Results:

• High availability of head count records (88.9%) and updated due lists (93.5%) was observed.
• Challenges noted include blank MCP cards (75.1%) and missing counterfoils for Auxiliary Nurse Midwives (ANMs) (70.1%).
• Adequate hand washing facilities (81.6%) were present, but the display of communication materials varied significantly, with 12.2% of sessions lacking any IEC materials.

Conclusions:

• Strengthening routine immunization requires an uninterrupted supply chain and adherence to micro-plans.
• Maintaining the quality of immunization sessions is crucial for program success.
• Addressing identified gaps in record-keeping and communication material dissemination is essential.