Integrating Artificial Intelligence Solutions from Precision Medicine and Genomics to Precision Public Health and...

"Precision Public Health (PPH)" envisions personalized medicine and timely healthcare interventions for communities sharing common characteristics. PPH represents transition of precision medicine technologies assisted by "artificial intelligence" and "omics"- genomics, proteomics, and transcriptomes- to public health. The Human Genomic Variation Project linked with pathogens genomic sequencing has uncovered connections and diversity at molecular level elucidating aspects of susceptibility, immunity and resistance. This knowledge integrated with PPH has created the next-generation tool, public health genomic knowledge base (PHGKB) having potential to enhance awareness, generalizability and effectiveness of targeted resource allocations. Artificial Intelligence for public health further encompasses electronic health records- Ayushman Bharat Health Account (ABHA)- innovative initiative to digitalise health data from diverse populations, locations and timepoints converting real-world electronic data to real-world intelligence network. Comprehensive inputs from this network can guide computer programs- better known as algorithms and machine learning- for prediction, behaviour analysis and resource optimization. Simultaneously, challenges of gathering data from underprivileged groups, remote areas and paramedical staff with limited access to newest technology tools can produce "algorithmic bias" creating prejudices in policy decisions and disruptions in resource allocations to already disadvantaged populations. Time has arrived to decide, expand and limit, the role of precision and prediction tools to public health, considering both positive and negative disruptive effects. People should have the opportunity to make public health choices based on the best science and facts, with the least amount of risk and cost, and with the most health in their communities.