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Nucleic acids are the most important macromolecules for the continuity of life. They carry the cell's genetic blueprint and carry instructions for its functioning.
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Nucleic acid biosynthesis is a fundamental biochemical process that produces the purine and pyrimidine nucleotides essential for DNA and RNA synthesis. This pathway maintains a balanced nucleotide pool, preventing imbalances that could jeopardize genetic integrity and cellular function. Given the crucial role of nucleotides, their synthesis is tightly regulated to ensure proper cellular homeostasis.Purine BiosynthesisThe biosynthesis of purine nucleotides begins with ribose-5-phosphate, a...
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Updated: Jan 22, 2026

Kinetic Screening of Nuclease Activity using Nucleic Acid Probes
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A Universal Framework Nucleic Acid Platform for Kidney-Targeted Delivery of Natural Bioactive Compounds.

Xiaofei Sun1, Haozhi Lei2, Huaibo Zhang1

  • 1Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of TCM Chemical Biology, Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China.

Nano Letters
|January 21, 2026
PubMed
Summary

This study presents a novel drug delivery platform using tetrahedral framework nucleic acids (tFNA) to enhance the bioavailability of natural bioactive compounds (NBCs). The platform shows promise for treating acute kidney injury (AKI) with significantly reduced dosages.

Keywords:
acute kidney injurycostunolidemolecular dockingnatural bioactive compoundstetrahedral framework nucleic acids

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Area of Science:

  • Biochemistry
  • Nanotechnology
  • Pharmacology

Background:

  • Natural bioactive compounds (NBCs) have therapeutic potential but suffer from poor bioavailability and nonspecific biodistribution, hindering clinical translation.
  • Developing effective delivery systems is crucial for overcoming these limitations and realizing the full therapeutic benefits of NBCs.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a generic drug delivery platform for NBCs using computational virtual screening and tetrahedral framework nucleic acids (tFNA).
  • To demonstrate the efficacy of this platform in delivering costunolide (COS) for the treatment of acute kidney injury (AKI).

Main Methods:

  • Computational virtual screening and molecular docking were employed to identify suitable NBCs for tFNA loading.
  • Experimental validation confirmed efficient noncovalent DNA-groove binding for loading 17 out of 30 NBCs onto tFNA.
  • A costunolide-tFNA (COS-FNA) complex was constructed and evaluated in an AKI mouse model.

Main Results:

  • The tFNA platform demonstrated a universal strategy for loading various NBCs.
  • The COS-FNA complex exhibited rapid renal accumulation (5 min) and prolonged retention (12 h).
  • COS-FNA significantly improved bioavailability and therapeutic efficacy in AKI mice, requiring only 1/300 of the conventional COS dose.

Conclusions:

  • Tetrahedral framework nucleic acids offer a flexible and efficient platform for the clinical delivery of natural bioactive compounds.
  • This approach provides a promising new therapeutic strategy for acute kidney injury with enhanced drug delivery and reduced dosage.