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Current Epidemiology and Infection Characteristics of Non-Aspergillus Mold Infections: A Multicenter Study in

Chin Fen Neoh1,2,3, Sharon C-A Chen4,5, Arthur J Morris6,7

  • 1National Centre for Infections in Cancer, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.

Clinical Infectious Diseases : an Official Publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America
|January 21, 2026
PubMed
Abstract

Insights

Invasive non-Aspergillus mold infections in Australasia are frequently caused by Lomentospora prolificans, Scedosporium spp., and Mucorales. These infections, particularly those caused by L. prolificans and Mucorales, are associated with high mortality rates.

Area of Science:

  • Medical Mycology
  • Infectious Diseases Epidemiology
  • Public Health

Background:

  • Invasive non-Aspergillus mold infections pose significant therapeutic challenges.
  • Regional epidemiological data on these infections are limited, hindering targeted interventions.
  • Understanding Australasian epidemiology is crucial for effective management.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To determine the epidemiology of invasive non-Aspergillus mold infections in Australasia.
  • To characterize infection patterns, including common pathogens and patient demographics.
  • To inform clinical practice and public health strategies.

Main Methods:

  • A retrospective study was conducted across 21 centers in Australia and New Zealand.
  • Data were collected from 2016 to 2023 for proven or probable non-Aspergillus mold infections.
  • Information included demographics, clinical presentation, microbiology, treatment, and outcomes up to 180 days.

Main Results:

  • 421 cases were identified, with Lomentospora prolificans (21.7%), Scedosporium spp. (19.6%), and Mucorales (31.8%) being the most common pathogens.
  • The lung was the most frequent infection site (35.6%).
  • Overall 90-day mortality was 31.4%, with higher rates for L. prolificans (57.3%) and Mucorales (43.4%) infections.

Conclusions:

  • Lomentospora prolificans, Scedosporium spp., and Mucorales are key non-Aspergillus mold pathogens in Australasia.
  • Emerging species and mixed infections are also noted.
  • High mortality associated with L. prolificans and Mucorales underscores the need for improved diagnostics and therapeutics.
Keywords:
epidemiologynon-Aspergillus moldrare mold infections

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