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Gastrointestinal or GI motility disorders are characterized by irregular gastrointestinal tract movements, disrupting food transit from the mouth to the anus. They are caused by damage or dysfunction in gut muscles or nerves. These disorders can cause symptoms such as severe constipation, diarrhea, abdominal pain, and swallowing difficulties. Disorders can affect any segment of the GI tract and range widely in severity, from common conditions like GERD to life-threatening conditions like...
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Murine Precision-Cut Liver Slices as an Ex Vivo Model of Liver Biology
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Addiction in Gastrointestinal and Liver Disorders.

Sasha Deutsch-Link1, Isabelle S Byers1, Hyundam Gu2

  • 1Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA.

The American Journal of Gastroenterology
|January 21, 2026
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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This review covers alcohol, opioid, and cannabis use disorders and their impact on gastrointestinal and liver diseases. Early identification and multidisciplinary care improve outcomes for addiction and liver conditions.

Keywords:
addictionalcohol use disordercirrhosismotilityopioid use disorder

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Area of Science:

  • Gastroenterology and Hepatology
  • Addiction Medicine
  • Internal Medicine

Background:

  • Substance use disorders significantly influence the development and progression of gastrointestinal (GI) and liver diseases.
  • Alcohol-associated liver disease (ALD) is a leading cause of liver disease and transplantation in the U.S.
  • Opioid and cannabis use disorders present unique GI and hepatic complications.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review clinically relevant substance use disorders in gastroenterology and hepatology.
  • To highlight the impact of alcohol, opioid, and cannabis use disorders on GI and liver health.
  • To emphasize the need for integrated care in managing these conditions.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of substance use disorders in gastroenterology and hepatology.
  • Analysis of the impact of alcohol use disorder (AUD) on liver disease and GI malignancies.
  • Examination of opioid and cannabis use disorders' effects on GI motility, liver toxicity, and infection risk.

Main Results:

  • AUD is linked to alcohol-associated liver disease and GI cancers; it's a primary indication for liver transplantation.
  • Opioid use disorder is associated with motility issues, constipation, and increased Hepatitis C risk.
  • Cannabis use disorder can cause hyperemesis syndrome, and synthetic cannabinoids are hepatotoxic.

Conclusions:

  • Effective management necessitates a multidisciplinary approach combining behavioral interventions and pharmacotherapy.
  • Medications for AUD and opioid use disorder are underutilized, despite proven safety and efficacy, even in hepatic dysfunction.
  • Gastroenterologists and hepatologists play a crucial role in early identification and coordinated care to improve addiction and GI/liver outcomes.