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Related Concept Videos

Epigenetic Regulation01:46

Epigenetic Regulation

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Epigenetic mechanisms play an essential role in healthy development. Conversely, precisely regulated epigenetic mechanisms are disrupted in diseases like cancer.
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Epigenetic changes alter the physical structure of the DNA without changing the genetic sequence and often regulate whether genes are turned on or off. This regulation ensures that each cell produces only proteins necessary for its function. For example, proteins that promote bone growth are not produced in muscle cells. Epigenetic mechanisms play an essential role in healthy development. Conversely, precisely regulated epigenetic mechanisms are disrupted in diseases like cancer.
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There are numerous types of normal and abnormal respiration. Based on ventilatory movements, breathing patterns are classified as regular, deep, or shallow. Examples include Biot's breathing, Cheyne-Stokes respiration, Kussmaul's breathing, hyperventilation, and hypoventilation. Each pattern is clinically significant and aids in evaluating patients.
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Altered states of consciousness represent significant deviations from one's normal mental state. These deviations can range from subtle changes in awareness to profound transformations in perception, thought processes, and sensory experiences. Altered states of consciousness can be triggered by various factors, including drug use, meditation, hypnosis, illness, or even intense fatigue.
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Alterations in blood pressure, such as hypertension (high blood pressure) and hypotension (low blood pressure), significantly affect human health. Understanding these conditions' classifications, causes, and symptoms is essential for effective management and treatment.
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Murine Appendectomy Model of Chronic Colitis Associated Colorectal Cancer by Precise Localization of Caecal Patch
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Epigenetic Alterations in Colitis-Associated Colorectal Cancer.

Nisha Ganesh1, William M Grady1,2,3,4, Andrew M Kaz1,5

  • 1Division of Gastroenterology, School of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98105, USA.

Epigenomes
|January 21, 2026
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Colitis-associated colorectal cancer (CAC) develops via inflammation-driven epigenetic changes, including DNA methylation, histone modifications, and miRNA dysregulation. Understanding these alterations is key for detecting and treating this malignancy.

Keywords:
Crohn’s diseaseDNA methylationbiomarkerscolitis-associated colorectal cancerepigeneticshistone modificationsinflammatory bowel diseasemicro-RNAulcerative colitis

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Area of Science:

  • Gastroenterology
  • Oncology
  • Epigenetics

Background:

  • Colitis-associated colorectal cancer (CAC) is a subtype of colorectal cancer linked to chronic inflammatory bowel disease (IBD).
  • Unlike sporadic cancers, CAC arises from inflammation-driven molecular pathways.
  • Epigenetic alterations are crucial in CAC initiation and progression.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the major epigenetic mechanisms involved in CAC.
  • To highlight the roles of DNA methylation, histone modifications, and microRNA (miRNA) dysregulation in CAC pathogenesis.
  • To underscore the importance of understanding these epigenetic processes for early detection and intervention.

Main Methods:

  • Review of literature on epigenetic mechanisms in CAC.
  • Analysis of DNA methylation patterns (promoter hypermethylation, global hypomethylation).
  • Examination of histone modifications and their impact on chromatin accessibility.
  • Investigation of microRNA (miRNA) dysregulation in CAC.

Main Results:

  • Aberrant DNA methylation, including promoter hypermethylation of tumor suppressor genes and global hypomethylation, contributes to genomic instability and altered gene expression.
  • Inflammation-induced histone modifications affect chromatin accessibility and the activity of oncogenic and tumor-suppressive pathways.
  • Deregulation of miRNAs impacts CAC pathogenesis by targeting genes involved in inflammation and tumor progression.

Conclusions:

  • Epigenetic alterations are pivotal in the development of CAC.
  • Understanding DNA methylation, histone modifications, and miRNA dysregulation offers insights into CAC.
  • These epigenetic insights can identify potential biomarkers for early detection and therapeutic strategies in CAC.