Antibody-Based Therapeutics in Breast Cancer: Clinical and Translational Perspectives

Area of Science:

• Oncology
• Immunology
• Pharmacology

Background:

• Breast cancer is a leading cause of death in women globally.
• Recent advances in antibody-based therapies have significantly improved outcomes for HER2-positive, triple-negative, and luminal breast cancer subtypes.
• Established therapies include HER2-targeted monoclonal antibodies and immunotherapies for triple-negative breast cancer.

Purpose of the Study:

• To review the biological rationale, clinical evidence, resistance mechanisms, and safety profiles of novel antibody-based therapies in breast cancer.
• To highlight the expanding role of antibody-drug conjugates and bispecific antibodies.
• To discuss the potential of these agents in personalized and immunologically informed treatment strategies.

Main Methods:

• Literature review of clinical trials and preclinical studies.
• Analysis of data on monoclonal antibodies, bispecific antibodies, and antibody-drug conjugates.
• Summary of biological mechanisms, clinical efficacy, resistance patterns, and safety data.

Main Results:

• Monoclonal antibodies (e.g., trastuzumab, pertuzumab) are standard care for HER2-positive breast cancer.
• Immune checkpoint inhibitors are effective in triple-negative breast cancer.
• Antibody-drug conjugates (e.g., trastuzumab deruxtecan, sacituzumab govitecan) and bispecific antibodies offer new therapeutic avenues.
• Challenges include treatment resistance and managing toxicities.

Conclusions:

• Antibody-based therapies are transforming breast cancer care, offering personalized and immunologically informed approaches.
• Continued research is crucial to overcome resistance mechanisms and optimize safety profiles.
• These advancements are redefining precision oncology for breast cancer patients.