Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Somatosensory, Motor, and Association Cortex01:23

Somatosensory, Motor, and Association Cortex

2.4K
The somatosensory cortex in the parietal lobes is crucial for interpreting sensory data such as touch, temperature, and proprioception. The somatosensory cortex, situated in the parietal lobes, plays a vital role in interpreting sensory information like touch, temperature, and proprioception—awareness of body position. This specialized brain region features an organized structure wherein neurons at the top primarily process sensations originating from the lower body. In contrast, those at...
2.4K
Social Proof00:52

Social Proof

31.5K
Social proof is a form of persuasion based on comparison and conformity. People compare their behavior and actions to what others are doing and will change to conform to do what their peers do.
31.5K
Functions of Connective Tissues01:17

Functions of Connective Tissues

14.8K
Connective tissues perform a broad range of functions in the body. Their primary function is to connect and link different tissues in the body and act as packaging material between tissues. The areolar tissue, a connective tissue prototype, commonly cements various tissue types in diverse body organs. In contrast, adipose tissue cushions internal organs while insulating the body from heat loss.
Hard connective tissues, such as bones and cartilage, provide structure and support to the body.
14.8K
Self-Concept01:19

Self-Concept

1.6K
Self-concept is the cognitive and emotional understanding individuals hold about their identity. It evolves through various developmental stages, beginning in infancy and maturing as children grow. This concept influences how individuals perceive their abilities, interact with others, and manage challenges throughout life.
Infancy and Emerging Recognition
During infancy, self-concept is virtually nonexistent. Babies do not distinguish themselves as separate entities and often mistake their...
1.6K
Concepts and Prototypes01:24

Concepts and Prototypes

519
The human nervous system handles vast amounts of information by translating sensory stimuli into neural impulses, which the brain processes, creating thoughts expressed through language or stored as memories. The brain also synthesizes information from emotions and memories, which significantly influence thoughts and behaviors. This intricate process creates a comprehensive mental picture.
The brain organizes this information using concepts, which are mental categories grouping linguistic data,...
519
Formula Mass and Mole Concepts of Compounds02:56

Formula Mass and Mole Concepts of Compounds

80.6K
Formula Mass of Covalent Compounds
80.6K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Correction: Post-recurrence management of malignant glial brain tumors: therapeutic strategies, evidence and limitations, palliative care, terminal sedation, and end-of-life considerations.

Clinical & translational oncology : official publication of the Federation of Spanish Oncology Societies and of the National Cancer Institute of Mexico·2026
Same author

Post-recurrence management of malignant glial brain tumors: therapeutic strategies, evidence and limitations, palliative care, terminal sedation, and end-of-life considerations.

Clinical & translational oncology : official publication of the Federation of Spanish Oncology Societies and of the National Cancer Institute of Mexico·2026
Same author

<i>irreversibility</i>: A Python Package for Assessing and Manipulating the Time Irreversibility of Real-World Time Series.

Entropy (Basel, Switzerland)·2025
Same author

infomeasure: a comprehensive Python package for information theory measures and estimators.

Scientific reports·2025
Same author

Surgical outcomes in octogenarian meningioma patients: a multicenter retrospective analysis of frailty and radiological predictors : Frailty in octogenarians undergoing meningioma resection.

Journal of neuro-oncology·2025
Same author

Entropy, Irreversibility, and Time-Series Deep Learning of Kinematic and Kinetic Data for Gait Classification in Children with Cerebral Palsy, Idiopathic Toe Walking, and Hereditary Spastic Paraplegia.

Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)·2025

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 22, 2026

Functional Near Infrared Spectroscopy of the Sensory and Motor Brain Regions with Simultaneous Kinematic and EMG Monitoring During Motor Tasks
11:31

Functional Near Infrared Spectroscopy of the Sensory and Motor Brain Regions with Simultaneous Kinematic and EMG Monitoring During Motor Tasks

Published on: December 5, 2014

15.6K

Functional Connectivity Between Human Motor and Somatosensory Areas During a Multifinger Tapping Task: A

Roberto García-Leal1,2,3, Julio Prieto-Montalvo3,4,5, Juan Guzman de Villoria3,5,6

  • 1Ph.D. Program in Neuroscience, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid-Cajal Institute, 28029 Madrid, Spain.

Neurosci
|January 21, 2026
PubMed
Summary

Brain regions involved in hand representation show dynamic information flow during finger tapping. This plasticity supports rapid learning, with Area 3a potentially maintaining representational flexibility.

Keywords:
Area 3afMRIinformation imbalance gain causalitymotor cortexsomatosensory cortextapping task

More Related Videos

Uncovering Beat Deafness: Detecting Rhythm Disorders with Synchronized Finger Tapping and Perceptual Timing Tasks
09:04

Uncovering Beat Deafness: Detecting Rhythm Disorders with Synchronized Finger Tapping and Perceptual Timing Tasks

Published on: March 16, 2015

13.3K
A Fine Motor Task to Study Joint Kinematics in a Preclinical Model of Neurodegenerative Disease
05:39

A Fine Motor Task to Study Joint Kinematics in a Preclinical Model of Neurodegenerative Disease

Published on: June 13, 2025

853

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jan 22, 2026

Functional Near Infrared Spectroscopy of the Sensory and Motor Brain Regions with Simultaneous Kinematic and EMG Monitoring During Motor Tasks
11:31

Functional Near Infrared Spectroscopy of the Sensory and Motor Brain Regions with Simultaneous Kinematic and EMG Monitoring During Motor Tasks

Published on: December 5, 2014

15.6K
Uncovering Beat Deafness: Detecting Rhythm Disorders with Synchronized Finger Tapping and Perceptual Timing Tasks
09:04

Uncovering Beat Deafness: Detecting Rhythm Disorders with Synchronized Finger Tapping and Perceptual Timing Tasks

Published on: March 16, 2015

13.3K
A Fine Motor Task to Study Joint Kinematics in a Preclinical Model of Neurodegenerative Disease
05:39

A Fine Motor Task to Study Joint Kinematics in a Preclinical Model of Neurodegenerative Disease

Published on: June 13, 2025

853

Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Cognitive Neuroscience
  • Motor Control

Background:

  • Hand representation maps in primate primary motor (M1) and somatosensory (SI) cortices are plastic and modifiable with training.
  • Activation and map enlargement in these areas during tapping tasks are known, but information flow directionality is unclear.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the directionality and temporal dynamics of BOLD activity flow between M1 (Area 4), SI (postcentral gyrus), and Area 3a (fundus of the central sulcus) during finger tapping.
  • To understand how information flow changes with task engagement and non-task periods.

Main Methods:

  • Applied Information Imbalance Gain Causality (IIG) analysis to fMRI data.
  • Collected data from both hemispheres of nine participants performing alternating right-left hand finger tapping.
  • Analyzed BOLD activity in Area 4, Area 3a, and SI areas.

Main Results:

  • Strong information flow from precentral and postcentral gyri towards the central sulcus during tapping.
  • Weaker bidirectional communication between the gyri when not tapping.
  • During tapping, information flow bypassed the sulcus, favoring a direct postcentral to precentral pathway.
  • Postcentral to sulcus influence strengthened during non-task periods but diminished during tapping.

Conclusions:

  • M1, Area 3a, and SI form a dynamic network crucial for rapid learning and processing.
  • Area 3a may play a role in maintaining representational plasticity during complex motor tasks like finger tapping.