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Correction: Mimra et al. Functional Near-Infrared Spectroscopy (fNIRS) in Objective Audiometry: A Scoping Review and Clinical Perspectives. <i>Audiol. Res.</i> 2026, <i>16</i>, 3.

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Functional Near-Infrared Spectroscopy (fNIRS) in Objective Audiometry: A Scoping Review and Clinical Perspectives.

Tomáš Mimra1, Martin Augustynek1, Marek Penhaker1

  • 1Department of Cybernetics and Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, VSB-Technical University of Ostrava, 17. Listopadu 2172/15, 708 00 Ostrava, Czech Republic.

Audiology Research
|January 21, 2026
PubMed
Summary

Functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) shows promise as a hearing assessment tool for infants and children, offering motion tolerance. However, standardized protocols are needed before it can replace Brainstem Evoked Response Audiometry (BERA).

Keywords:
BERAcochlear implantsfNIRShearing assessmentneuroimagingobjective audiometrypediatric audiologyscoping review

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Audiology
  • Biomedical Engineering

Background:

  • Objective hearing assessment in non-cooperative populations, like neonates, is challenging.
  • Brainstem Evoked Response Audiometry (BERA) is the gold standard but is sensitive to motion artifacts.
  • Need for alternative, motion-tolerant objective audiology methods.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To conduct a scoping review of the literature on functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS).
  • To evaluate fNIRS as a supplementary method in objective audiometry.
  • To map the current research landscape of fNIRS in hearing assessment.

Main Methods:

  • Scoping literature review.
  • Analysis of studies investigating fNIRS for objective hearing assessment.
  • Synthesis of findings regarding fNIRS capabilities and limitations.

Main Results:

  • fNIRS detects cortical hemodynamic responses, valuable for complex stimuli like speech.
  • Advantages include motion tolerance, suitability for pediatric and cochlear implant users.
  • Heterogeneity in stimulation protocols and data processing noted; fNIRS better for higher-level processing than BERA threshold estimation.

Conclusions:

  • fNIRS is a promising complementary tool for objective audiometry.
  • Lack of standardized protocols and validation studies prevents it from replacing BERA.
  • Future research should focus on protocol standardization and normative data development.