Time-resolved 3D imaging opportunities with XMPI at ForMAX

Area of Science:

• Materials Science
• Physics
• Engineering

Background:

• X-rays are crucial for non-destructive internal imaging of opaque samples.
• Time-resolved X-ray tomography (4D) provides volumetric data but faces limitations like sample rotation constraints and centrifugal forces.
• These limitations hinder the study of certain dynamic processes.

Purpose of the Study:

• To implement and validate X-ray multi-projection imaging (XMPI) as an alternative to traditional X-ray tomography.
• To overcome the limitations associated with sample rotation in dynamic X-ray imaging.
• To demonstrate the capabilities of XMPI for high-resolution, time-resolved studies of complex sample systems.

Main Methods:

• Developed an XMPI setup utilizing X-ray optics to split the incident beam into multiple beamlets.
• Acquired simultaneous projections from different angular viewpoints at the sample position without sample rotation.
• Commissioned the setup at the ForMAX beamline at MAX IV and tested with fiber and multiphase flow samples.

Main Results:

• Achieved high frame rates (12.5 kHz at 4 µm) for dynamic mechanical loading of fibers.
• Demonstrated high spatial resolution (1.3 µm at 40 Hz) for multiphase flow studies.
• Validated the flexibility of the XMPI setup to meet diverse spatiotemporal resolution requirements.

Conclusions:

• XMPI provides a viable, rotation-free alternative to conventional X-ray tomography for 4D imaging.
• The developed setup at ForMAX enables advanced studies of dynamics with high spatiotemporal resolution.
• This work lays the foundation for a permanent XMPI endstation, enhancing capabilities for materials and flow dynamics research.