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In 1928, a German botanist Emil Heitz observed the moss nuclei with a DNA binding dye. He observed that while some chromatin regions decondense and spread out in the interphase nucleus, others do not. He termed them euchromatin and heterochromatin, respectively. He proposed that the heterochromatin regions reflect a functionally inactive state of the genome. It was later confirmed that heterochromatin is transcriptionally repressed, and euchromatin is transcriptionally active chromatin.
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The position of an object defines its location relative to a convenient frame of reference at any particular time. A frame of reference is an arbitrary set of axes from which the position and motion of an object are described. Earth is often used as a frame of reference, and we often describe the position of an object as it relates to stationary objects on Earth. For example, a rocket launch could be described in terms of the position of the rocket with respect to Earth as a whole. On the other...
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Positionally Stable Smooth Implants: An In Vivo Submuscular Model.

Sophia Salingaros1, Matthew W Liao1, Tim Y Li1

  • 1. Laboratory of Bioregenerative Medicine and Surgery, Department of Surgery, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY.

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New Positionally Stable Smooth Implants (PSSI) offer improved rotational stability in submuscular models. These novel implants may provide a safer alternative to textured devices, reducing inflammation and myofibroblast presence.

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Area of Science:

  • Biomaterials Science
  • Plastic Surgery
  • Regenerative Medicine

Background:

  • Textured breast implants, previously favored for stability, were recalled due to BIA-ALCL risk.
  • This led to a need for stable yet safe implant alternatives.
  • Novel Positionally Stable Smooth Implants (PSSI) with surface wells were developed to promote tissue ingrowth and stability.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the positional stability and tissue response of PSSI in a submuscular placement model.
  • To compare PSSI performance against traditional smooth and textured implants.

Main Methods:

  • Miniature PSSI, smooth, and textured implants were fabricated from polydimethylsiloxane.
  • Implants were surgically placed under the latissimus dorsi muscle in rats.
  • Implant position, capsule collagen density, and macrophage expression were analyzed over 12 weeks.

Main Results:

  • PSSI demonstrated significantly reduced rotation compared to smooth implants and comparable stability to textured implants.
  • PSSI and textured implants showed lower collagen density and myofibroblast presence than smooth implants.
  • PSSI exhibited reduced pro-inflammatory M1 macrophage expression compared to textured implants.

Conclusions:

  • PSSI provide superior rotational stability in the submuscular plane compared to smooth implants.
  • PSSI elicit a less inflammatory response and reduced fibrotic capsule formation than traditional textured implants.
  • PSSI represent a promising alternative to textured implants for enhanced safety and stability.