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A Comparative Study on Vertical and Transverse Orthodontic Relapse in Patients with and Without Cleft Lip and Palate
Navia Jose Paul1, Annapurna Kannan1, Vignesh Kailasam1
1Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Sri Ramachandra Dental College & Hospital, Sri Ramachandra Institute of Higher Education and Research (DU), Porur, Chennai, India.
None:
ObjectiveTo compare the 2-year post-treatment stability of vertical and transverse dimensions in orthodontic patients with non-syndromic cleft lip and palate (CLP) versus non-cleft controls (NC).DesignRetrospective comparative study.Patients/ParticipantsTwenty-eight patients divided into CLP (n = 14) and NC (n = 14) groups matched for age and sex.InterventionsOrthodontic fixed appliance therapy followed by removable vacuum-formed retainers.Main Outcome MeasuresVertical changes were assessed with lateral cephalograms, and transverse relationships were analyzed using the Modified Huddart-Bodenham (MHB) Index. Intragroup changes (T0-T1) were analyzed with paired t-tests and intergroup differences with unpaired t-tests (P < .05).ResultsAt 2-year post-treatment, the cleft group showed significant reductions in anterior facial height (-1.06 ± 0.59 mm, P < .001), U1-NF (-0.31 ± 0.48 mm, P = .01), L1-MP (-0.54 ± 0.63 mm, P = .004), and U6-NF (-0.66 ± 0.70 mm, P < .001). Transverse relapse was evident at the incisors (-0.36 ± 0.50, P = .006), molars (-0.43 ± 0.51, P = .002), and in total scores (-0.29 ± 0.47, P = .007). The NC group showed minimal changes (P > .05).ConclusionsPatients with CLP demonstrate greater vertical and transverse orthodontic relapse 2-year post-treatment compared to non-cleft patients. These findings underscore the necessity for potential permanent retention protocols tailored to the unique anatomical and physiological challenges of the cleft population.
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