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Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is a noninvasive medical imaging technique based on a phenomenon of nuclear physics discovered in the 1930s, in which matter exposed to magnetic fields and radio waves was found to emit radio signals. In 1970, a physician and researcher named Raymond Damadian noticed that malignant (cancerous) tissue gave off different signals than normal body tissue. He applied for a patent for the first MRI scanning device in clinical use by the early 1980s. The early MRI...
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The human ear cannot distinguish between two sources of sound if they happen to reach within a specific time interval, typically 0.1 seconds apart. More than this, and they are perceived as separate sources.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 23, 2026

Multiple-mouse Neuroanatomical Magnetic Resonance Imaging
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Craniofacial measurements using zero echo time magnetic resonance imaging.

Yuka Uchimoto1, Maziahtul Zawani Binti Munshi1, Tadashi Sasai1

  • 1Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology, Graduate School of Dentistry, The University of Osaka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan.

Dento Maxillo Facial Radiology
|January 21, 2026
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Zero Echo Time Magnetic Resonance Imaging (ZTE-MRI) offers a radiation-free alternative for craniofacial measurements, showing good agreement with Multi-Detector CT (MDCT) for skeletal landmarks. However, accuracy for dental measurements requires further investigation.

Keywords:
X-ray computedcephalometrycraniofacial abnormalitiesmagnetic resonance imagingradiation exposurereproducibility of resultstomography

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Area of Science:

  • Dentomaxillofacial imaging
  • Medical imaging technology
  • Radiology

Background:

  • Radiation exposure is a significant concern in dentomaxillofacial imaging, particularly for pediatric and young adult populations requiring frequent examinations.
  • Computed tomography (CT) and cephalometry, while common, involve ionizing radiation.
  • Zero Echo Time Magnetic Resonance Imaging (ZTE-MRI) visualizes cortical bone without radiation, but its clinical head-and-neck application is limited.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the feasibility and precision of three-dimensional craniofacial measurements using ZTE-MRI.
  • To compare ZTE-MRI measurements with those obtained from Multi-Detector CT (MDCT).
  • To assess the potential of ZTE-MRI as a non-ionizing alternative in dentomaxillofacial imaging.

Main Methods:

  • Twenty-nine participants underwent both MDCT and ZTE-MRI scans.
  • Standard cephalometric landmarks were identified to derive 27 linear and 21 angular variables.
  • Linear regression analysis was used to compare measurements between MDCT and ZTE-MRI.

Main Results:

  • A high degree of agreement (regression coefficients between 0.9-1.1, R-square ≥ 0.81) was observed for many linear and angular variables between ZTE-MRI and MDCT.
  • Cohen's effect sizes were within the acceptable ±0.8 range for a majority of variables.
  • Measurements involving dental reference points showed lower agreement compared to skeletal reference points.

Conclusions:

  • ZTE-MRI provides clinically acceptable results for craniofacial measurements derived from skeletal reference points.
  • The technique demonstrates good agreement with MDCT for major skeletal landmarks, supporting its potential for radiation-free bone assessment.
  • Further research is needed to improve the accuracy of ZTE-MRI for measurements involving dental reference points.