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Longitudinal Between- and Within-Person Associations Among Screen Time, Bedtime, and Daytime Sleepiness Among
Michał Tkaczyk1, Albert J Ksinan2, David Smahel1
1Interdisciplinary Research Team on Internet and Society, Faculty of Social Studies, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic.
Journal of Medical Internet Research
|January 21, 2026
Summary
Adolescent screen time and bedtime have a bidirectional relationship, reinforcing each other over time. However, daytime sleepiness was not directly impacted by this screen time-bedtime dynamic.
Area of Science:
- Adolescent Health
- Sleep Science
- Digital Media Research
Background:
- Daytime sleepiness is common in adolescents, impacting health and function.
- Digital media use and insufficient sleep are known risks, but their longitudinal interplay is unclear.
Purpose of the Study:
- Examine reciprocal longitudinal associations between adolescent screen time, bedtime, and daytime sleepiness.
- Investigate if limiting pre-sleep screen time mitigates negative effects.
Main Methods:
- Prospective 3-wave panel study of 2500 Czech adolescents (mean age 13.43).
- Online surveys assessed screen time, bedtime, and daytime sleepiness.
- Random intercept cross-lagged panel models analyzed data.
Main Results:
- Higher screen time correlated with later bedtimes and increased daytime sleepiness.
- Increases in screen time predicted later bedtimes, which then predicted increased screen time.
- No direct link found between screen time and daytime sleepiness within individuals.
Conclusions:
- Screen time and bedtime exhibit a mutually reinforcing longitudinal relationship in adolescents.
- Daytime sleepiness was not directly influenced by the screen time-bedtime interplay.
- Interventions should focus on consistent sleep schedules over solely reducing pre-sleep screen time.
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