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Determining actual and perceived risk for cardiovascular disease and diabetes in the older adults population: A

Yasemin Demir Avcı1, Ayşegül Ilgaz1, Ayşe Dağistan Akgöz1

  • 1Department of Public Health Nursing, Faculty of Nursing, Akdeniz University, Antalya, Turkey.

Geriatric Nursing (New York, N.Y.)
|January 21, 2026
PubMed

Insights

Older adults often misperceive their risk for cardiovascular disease (CVD) and diabetes mellitus (DM). This study highlights the need for better health education to improve risk awareness in this population.

Area of Science:

  • Gerontology
  • Cardiology
  • Endocrinology

Background:

  • Cardiovascular disease (CVD) and diabetes mellitus (DM) pose significant health risks for older adults.
  • Accurate risk perception is crucial for motivating preventive behaviors and early intervention.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To assess actual and perceived cardiovascular disease (CVD) and diabetes mellitus (DM) risk levels in older adults.
  • To compare the accuracy of perceived risks against calculated risk scores in a population of 248 older adults.

Main Methods:

  • Actual CVD risk was quantified using HEARTSCORE.
  • Perceived CVD risk was assessed via the Cardiovascular Disease Risk Awareness Assessment Questionnaire.
  • Actual DM risk was determined by glucose levels; perceived DM risk was evaluated through a single question.

Main Results:

  • Perception of CVD risk was notably higher in individuals aged 70+, men, and those reporting good income.
  • Perception of DM risk was elevated in participants with chronic diseases, those on regular or hypertension medication, individuals with a history of high blood glucose or pre-diabetes, and those with a family history of DM.
  • Significant differences in perceived risk were observed across demographic and clinical subgroups (p<.05).

Conclusions:

  • Health professionals must develop targeted interventions to improve CVD and DM risk knowledge and awareness among older adults.
  • Enhancing patient understanding of both actual and perceived risks is essential for effective public health strategies.
Abstract

Keywords:
Actual riskCardiovascular diseaseDiabetes mellitusOlder adultsPerceived risk

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