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Updated: Jan 23, 2026
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Predicting Catalyst Extrudate Breakage Based on the Modulus of Rupture
Published on: May 13, 2018
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Spontaneous Splenic Ruptures: A Contemporary Systematic Review
Marti Pastak1, Sten Saar2, Edgar Lipping3
1Faculty of Medicine, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia.
The Journal of Surgical Research
|January 21, 2026
Summary
Spontaneous splenic rupture (SSR) is rare but life-threatening. Infectious and neoplastic causes are most common, with angioembolization increasing and splenectomy decreasing, leading to reduced overall mortality.
Area of Science:
- Medicine
- Surgery
- Gastroenterology
Background:
- Spontaneous splenic rupture (SSR) is a rare but critical medical emergency.
- Understanding recent trends in SSR etiology and management is crucial for clinical practice.
Purpose of the Study:
- To provide a comprehensive, up-to-date overview of spontaneous splenic rupture.
- To analyze recent etiologies, management strategies, and mortality rates of SSR.
Main Methods:
- A systematic literature search was conducted across PubMed, Google Scholar, and Scopus.
- Case reports and case series published between January 1, 2015, and July 1, 2025, were included.
Main Results:
- 400 cases of SSR were identified from 351 studies.
- Infectious (25.6%) and neoplastic (22.9%) conditions were the leading causes; drug-related causes were 19%.
- Abdominal pain was the most frequent symptom (94.6%); splenectomy was performed in 74.4%, angioembolization in 10.8%, with an overall mortality rate of 8.7%.
Conclusions:
- Infectious and neoplastic etiologies remain primary drivers of SSR.
- Increased drug-related SSR may correlate with novel anticoagulant use; angioembolization is rising while splenectomy declines.
- Neoplastic etiology and age over 50 are linked to higher mortality; overall SSR mortality has decreased.
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