Barriers to accessing healthcare among irregular sub-Saharan migrants in northern Morocco

Morocco, due to its geographical position, is experiencing a growing influx of irregular sub-Saharan migrants attempting to transit to Europe. This study aims to identify the barriers that this population faces in accessing healthcare in city Tétouan of northern Morocco.

A qualitative approach was employed, involving semi-structured interviews with 30 undocumented sub-Saharan migrants recruited through a non-governmental organization in city of Tétouan. Independent double-coding and an internal review of the transcripts were conducted to minimize subjective bias and strengthen the reliability of the findings. Recruitment via one NGO may have biased the sample and limited generalizability. Face-to-face interviews could also have introduced social desirability bias, affecting the accuracy of participant responses.

Participants reported facing difficulties during their migratory journey (detentions, mistreatment, and injuries). The loss of social status and concerns about the future are sources of stress (19 out of 30 respondents). Twenty-six out of 30 respondents engage in begging to earn money. Financial accessibility is the main barrier to healthcare access for these migrants. Participants identified a positive impact from the role of the NGO in supporting migrants through healthcare services and covering part of the costs of consultations and medications. For these migrants, regularizing their status remains the only way to achieve optimal living conditions.

This study reveals major legal, language, and financial obstacles to healthcare for undocumented migrants in Tetouan and highlights the urgent need for public health efforts through stronger collaboration between policymakers and NGOs.