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Evaluation of caregivers' knowledge and practices in pediatric asthma management in rural India: A cross-sectional
Sunaina Sharma1, Rajkumari Sylvia Devi2, Ashok Kumar Srivastava3
1Desh Bhagat University, Mandi Gobindgarh, Punjab, India; Himalayan College of Nursing (HCN), Swami Rama Himalayan University, Dehradun, India.
Aim:
To investigate caregivers' knowledge and practices related to management of pediatric asthma, and identify the existing gaps for improvement.
Methods:
A cross-sectional study was conducted on 120 caregivers of asthmatic children who were attending pediatric OPDs of selected hospitals by total enumerative technique. Data were collected using reliable, structured and pretested tools comprising various aspects of asthma management knowledge and practices.
Results:
The majority (63.33%) caregivers had overall poor knowledge of asthma, while 31.67% had average knowledge and only 5.00% had good knowledge. 94.17% had difficulty utilizing Meter Dose Inhalers (MDI) efficiently and only 5.83% caregivers performed well. Considerable challenges were found in executing Nebulization Technique (NT), with only 4.17% users operating effectively. Similarly, the use of Peak Flow Meter (PFM) resulted in 92.50% poor performance, and all of the caregivers failed to demonstrate Pursed Lip Breathing (PLB) Technique properly. The knowledge of the caregivers showed positively correlations with their technical applications such as MDI, NT, and PFM (p < 0.001).
Conclusion:
The study highlights a significant gap in asthma management of the caregivers especially with respect to nebulization, MDI use, PLB technique, and PFM techniques. Recognizing the critical role that these therapies serve in reducing exacerbations and enhancing quality of life, focused education and trainings of caregivers are emphasized to minimize acute asthma episodes in children.
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