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Primary Salmonella Osteomyelitis of the Sternum

Aaron Kleinertz1, Tracy Geoffrion2

  • 1Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin.

Pediatrics
|January 21, 2026
PubMed

Insights

Pediatric osteomyelitis is rare, but children with hemoglobinopathies face higher risks from unusual pathogens like Salmonella. This case highlights successful treatment of Salmonella sternal osteomyelitis in a patient with the hemoglobin E trait.

Area of Science:

  • Pediatric infectious diseases
  • Hematology
  • Bacterial pathogenesis

Background:

  • Osteomyelitis is uncommon in children, typically affecting long bones via hematogenous spread.
  • Staphylococcus aureus is the most frequent causative agent.
  • Hemoglobinopathies increase susceptibility to atypical pathogens, such as Salmonella species.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To report a unique case of primary Salmonella osteomyelitis of the sternum in a child.
  • To discuss the successful management of this rare presentation.
  • To explore potential biological factors contributing to disease in patients with hemoglobinopathies.

Main Methods:

  • Case report detailing clinical presentation, diagnosis, and treatment.
  • Review of relevant literature on pediatric osteomyelitis and Salmonella infections.
  • Discussion of the patient's heterozygous hemoglobin E trait.

Main Results:

  • Successful management of primary Salmonella osteomyelitis of the sternum.
  • Identification of Salmonella as the pathogen in a patient with hemoglobin E trait.
  • Highlighting the unusual site of infection (sternum) compared to typical long bone involvement.

Conclusions:

  • Salmonella can cause primary osteomyelitis, even in unusual locations like the sternum, particularly in immunocompromised or genetically predisposed individuals.
  • Patients with hemoglobinopathies require consideration for a broader range of pathogens in suspected osteomyelitis.
  • Further research into the biological basis of increased susceptibility in hemoglobinopathy carriers is warranted.

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