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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 23, 2026

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The Fronto-Temporal Cortex Has Increased Subcortical Connectivity In Utero and Plasticity in Adulthood.

Gabriela Epihova1, Dimitar Z Epihov2, Danyal Akarca3,4

  • 1MRC Cognition and Brain Sciences Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom gabriela.epihova@mrc-cbu.cam.ac.uk.

The Journal of Neuroscience : the Official Journal of the Society for Neuroscience
|January 21, 2026
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Brain region development shows early fronto-temporal connectivity and adult plasticity. This heightened plasticity in fronto-temporal cortex is linked to increased oncogenic vulnerability, unlike other brain regions.

Keywords:
fronto-temporal cortexgliomaplasticityprenatal connectivitytranscriptomics

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Developmental Neuroscience
  • Brain Imaging

Background:

  • The adult cerebral cortex exhibits regional functional specialization, but the developmental trajectories and maintenance of these functions remain incompletely understood.
  • Investigating early and late differences in cortical regions is crucial for understanding brain development and function.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate early (fetal) and late (adult) differences in human cortical regions using connectomics and transcriptomics.
  • To explore the relationship between cortical region connectivity, plasticity, and oncogenic vulnerability.

Main Methods:

  • Leveraged human fetal and adult brain connectomes and transcriptomes from both sexes.
  • Analyzed regional connectivity patterns at 24 post-gestational weeks.
  • Examined myelin content, gene expression of perineuronal nets, and progenitor cell markers in adult cortical regions.

Main Results:

  • Fronto-temporal regions show disproportionate connectivity to subcortical regions at 24 weeks, indicating early integrative roles.
  • Adult fronto-temporal cortex exhibits lower myelin, reduced perineuronal net gene expression, and higher progenitor cell marker expression, suggesting heightened plasticity.
  • Parietal and occipital regions display characteristics aligned with decreased plasticity.
  • Increased plasticity in fronto-temporal cortex correlates with higher glioma incidence and expression of glioma-associated genes.

Conclusions:

  • Cortical region functional differences stem from divergent patterns of early connectivity and adult plasticity.
  • The fronto-temporal cortex's heightened plasticity may support flexible neural responses and domain-general functions.
  • This plasticity is associated with increased oncogenic vulnerability, offering insights into brain tumor development.