Integrated GWAS and Fst analysis identify flowering-time regulatory genes in maize

Area of Science:

• Plant genetics
• Agricultural science
• Quantitative trait genetics

Background:

• Flowering time in maize is a complex quantitative trait.
• The genetic mechanisms underlying flowering time variation are not fully understood.
• Identifying key genes is essential for maize breeding and crop improvement.

Purpose of the Study:

• To dissect the genetic basis of flowering-related traits in maize.
• To identify significant genetic variations associated with flowering time.
• To discover candidate genes regulating maize flowering time.

Main Methods:

• Phenotypic evaluation of flowering traits (days to tasseling, pollen shedding, silking) across six environments.
• Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) to identify significant single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs).
• Integration of population fixation index to screen candidate genes.

Main Results:

• 261 significant SNPs (LOD > 5.5) associated with flowering time were detected.
• 23 SNPs were consistently identified across multiple environments or traits.
• 41 potential candidate genes, including Zm00001d006213, Zm00001d027394, and Zm00001d027395, were identified as likely key regulators.

Conclusions:

• The study provides significant insights into the genetic regulatory network controlling maize flowering time.
• Identified SNPs and candidate genes serve as valuable resources for molecular breeding of maize.
• Further research can build upon these findings to enhance maize yield and adaptability.