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Updated: Jan 23, 2026

Semi-Quantitative Determination of Dopaminergic Neuron Density in the Substantia Nigra of Rodent Models using Automated Image Analysis
Published on: February 2, 2021
Substantia nigra pars reticulata involvement in auditory hallucinations of treatment-resistant schizophrenia: a deep
Anruo Shen1, Yousef Salimpour2,3, Ankur Butala3,4
1Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
Abstract:
One-third of schizophrenia patients exhibit treatment resistance, underscoring the need for mechanism-based interventions. We report that deep brain stimulation of the substantia nigra pars reticulata has acutely alleviated persistent auditory hallucinations by 64% in a treatment-resistant schizophrenia patient. Deep brain stimulation normalized hallucination-correlated elevation of intraoperative electrocortical theta-gamma phase-amplitude coupling at language-related cortical areas. These findings suggest aberrant cortical synchronization may be involved in the generation of verbal hallucinations and highlight subcortical modulation as a potential therapeutic strategy.
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