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Studying Brain Function in Children Using Magnetoencephalography
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Evolving brain function and connectivity patterns during mentalizing in children and adults.

Réka Borbás1, Plamina Dimanova1, Dennis Saikkonen1

  • 1Psychological Institute, Jacobs Center for Productive Youth Development, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Developmental Psychology
  • Cognitive Science

Background:

  • Mentalizing, the ability to infer others' thoughts and intentions, is crucial for social cognition.
  • The brain network supporting mentalizing undergoes significant developmental changes.
  • Limited research exists on task-based functional connectivity in this network during development.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate age-related changes in mentalizing-related brain activation and task-based functional connectivity.
  • To examine how functional connectivity mediates the relationship between age and mentalizing ability.
  • To understand lifespan trajectories of social cognition network development.

Main Methods:

  • Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) was used to study 181 participants (children aged 6-14 and adults aged 20-61).
  • Analyses focused on mentalizing-related activation and task-based functional connectivity within the social cognition network.
  • Mediation analyses tested the role of connectivity in the age-mentalizing ability relationship.

Main Results:

  • Adults showed higher mentalizing accuracy than children, with age-related improvements observed in children.
  • Activation patterns were similar across age groups, involving key regions like the temporoparietal junction, precuneus, and medial prefrontal cortex.
  • Children exhibited stronger local connectivity, transitioning to more long-range frontal-posterior connectivity with age; adults showed a more integrated network with age-related decline, peaking around age 32.
  • Connectivity mediated the age-mentalizing relationship in children but not adults.

Conclusions:

  • The study reveals a developmental shift from local to distributed mentalizing network connectivity, followed by an age-related decline in adulthood.
  • These findings illuminate the dynamic changes in social cognition networks across the lifespan.
  • Understanding these developmental trajectories is key to comprehending social cognitive abilities throughout life.