Related Experiment Video
Updated: Jan 23, 2026

Multimodal Protocol for Assessing Metacognition and Self-Regulation in Adults with Learning Difficulties
Published on: September 27, 2020
Self-reported motor difficulties in adults with childhood developmental coordination disorder: a 25-year follow-up
Cecilia Sauer1, Michael B Wells2, Kine Johansen3
1Department of Women's and Children's Health, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.
Purpose:
To examine whether childhood developmental coordination disorder (DCD) predicted self-reported motor difficulties in adulthood, and whether these differ by sex.
Materials And Methods:
In this longitudinal follow-up study, 105 adults from a Swedish population-based cohort of infants treated at one neonatal intensive care unit (1986-1989) and assessed for DCD at 6.5 years completed an online survey in 2020, including the Adult Developmental Coordination Disorder Checklist.
Results:
Childhood DCD significantly predicted self-reported motor difficulties in adulthood, both before (p = .007) and after adjustment (p = .033, R2 = 0.236). Adults with childhood DCD reported more motor difficulties than those without (p = .015), particularly in gross motor function (p = .004). Women with childhood DCD reported greater gross motor (p = .013) and participation difficulties (p = .037), whereas men reported more non-motor difficulties (p = .012) compared with same-sex peers.
Conclusions:
Childhood DCD appears to have lasting, though often less pronounced, effects into adulthood. These findings highlight the importance of early identification, intervention, and continued awareness that difficulties may persist, and suggest considering sex-related patterns when supporting participation across the lifespan.
Related Concept Videos
Coordination Number and Geometry
Coordination Compounds and Nomenclature
Lattice Centering and Coordination Number
Types of Unit Cells
Imagine taking a large number of identical...
Equations of Motion: Rectangular Coordinates and Cylindrical Coordinates
When a particle moves relative to an inertial frame, the equations of motion can be expressed using rectangular components. If the motion is confined to the x-y plane, the equations having the x and y coordinates only can be used to simplify the mathematical representation.
However, when particles...
Spherical Coordinates
Introduction to Developmental Psychology

