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Updated: Jan 23, 2026

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Exploring Back Muscle Activities in Chronic Low Back Pain Patients Using a Large-Area Stretchable Electrode Array

Chongyuan Huang1,2,3, Jingyuan Bai4, Kai Lin3

  • 1Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.

Advanced Healthcare Materials
|January 22, 2026
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

A new stretchable electrode array captures comprehensive back muscle activity in chronic low back pain (CLBP) patients. This technology reveals significant differences in muscle function between CLBP patients and healthy individuals.

Keywords:
chronic low back painlarge‐area electrode arraymuscle activitystretchable electrodesurface electromyography

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Area of Science:

  • Biomedical Engineering
  • Neuroscience
  • Rehabilitation Science

Background:

  • Assessing neuromuscular function in chronic low back pain (CLBP) is vital.
  • Current methods are limited by electrode array size and stretchability, focusing only on lower back muscles.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop and validate a large-area, stretchable high-density surface electromyography (HD-sEMG) electrode array for comprehensive back muscle activity assessment.
  • To investigate neuromuscular differences between CLBP patients and healthy controls.

Main Methods:

  • Designed a 64-channel, stretchable HD-sEMG array for full back coverage.
  • Acquired 128-channel HD-sEMG signals during the Biering-Sørensen test in healthy controls and CLBP patients.
  • Analyzed sEMG metrics and topographic maps for muscle activity and fatigue.

Main Results:

  • The developed electrode array demonstrated operability, scalability, and reliable data acquisition.
  • Significant differences in muscle activity patterns, contraction times, and fatigue metrics were observed between CLBP patients and controls.
  • Regional variations in muscle activation were identified across the lower, upper, and full back segments.

Conclusions:

  • The novel HD-sEMG array enables comprehensive back muscle analysis in CLBP.
  • Findings provide new insights into neuromuscular dysfunction and physiological adaptations in CLBP patients.